صَبر
: (صَبَرَهُ عنْهُ يَصْبِرُهُ) صبْراً: (حَبَسَهُ) ، قَالَ الحُطَيْئَةُ:
قلْتُ لَهَا أَصْبِرُهَا جاهِداً
وَيْحَكِ أَمْثَالُ طَرِيفٍ قَلِيلْ
(وصَبْرُ الإِنْسَانِ وغيرِه على القَتْلِ) : نَصْبُه عَلَيْهِ، وَقد نهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ صلَّى اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّمَ أَن يُصْبَر الرُّوحُ، وَهُوَ (أَنْ يُحْبَس) حيّاً (ويُرْمَى) بشَيْءٍ (حتّى يَمُوت) .
وأَصلُ الصَّبْرِ: الحَبْسُ: وكلُّ منْ حَبَسَ شَيْئاً فقد صَبَرَه.
وَفِي حديثٍ آخرَ فِي رَجُل أَمْسك رجُلاً وقَتَلَه آخَرُ، فَقَالَ: (اقْتُلُوا القاتِلَ واصْبِرُوا الصّابِرَ) يَعنِي احبِسُوا الَّذِي حَبَسَه للمَوْتِ حتّى يَمُوتَ كفِعْلِه بِهِ (وَقد قَتَلَه صَبْراً) .
(و) قد (صَبَرَه عَلَيْهِ) ، وكذالك لَو حَبَسَ رَجُلٌ نَفْسَه على شَيْءٍ يُريدُه قَالَ: صَبَرْتُ نَفْسِي، قَالَ عَنْتَرَةُ يَذْكُرُ حَرْباً كَانَ فِيهَا:
فصَبَرْتُ عارِفَةً لذالك حُرَّةً
تَرْسُو إِذا نَفْسُ الجَبَانِ تَطلَّعُ
يقولُ: حَبَسْتُ نَفْساً صابِرَة، قَالَ أَبو عُبَيْدَةَ: يَقُول: إِنّه فِي حَبَسَ نَفْسَهُ.
وكلُّ من قُتِلَ فِي غَيْرِ مَعْرَكَةٍ وَلَا حَرْبٍ وَلَا خطَإٍ فإِنّه مقْتُولٌ صَبْراً.
(ورَجُلٌ صَبُورَةٌ) ، بالهَاءِ: (مصْبُورٌ للقتْلِ) ، حَكَاهُ ثَعْلَبٌ، وَفِي الحَدِيث: نهى عَن المَصْبُورَةِ، وَهِي المحْبُوسَةُ على الموتِ. (و) قَالَ ابنُ سِيدَه: (يَمِينُ الصَّبْرِ: الَّتِي يُمْسِكُكَ الحكمُ عَلَيْها حَتَّى تَحْلِفَ) ، وَقد حَلَفَ صبْراً، أَنشد ثعلبٌ:
فأَوْجعِ الجَنْبَ وأَعْرِ الظَّهْرَا
أَوْ يُبْلِيَ اللَّهُ يَمِيناً صَبْراً
(أَو) هِيَ (الَّتِي تَلْزَمُ) لصاحبِها من جِهَةِ الحَكَمِ (ويُجْبَرُ عَلَيْهَا حالِفُها) ، بأَن يَحبِسَه السُّلطانُ عَلَيْهَا حتّى يَحْلِفَ بهَا، فَلَو حَلَفَ إِنسانٌ من غير إِحْلافٍ مَا قِيل: حَلَفَ صَبْراً.
وَيُقَال: أَصْبر الحَاكِمُ فُلاناً على يَمِينٍ صَبْراً، أَي أَكْرهَهُ.
(وصَبَرَ الرَّجُلَ) يَصْبِرُه: (لَزِمَهُ) .
(والمَصْبُورَةُ: اليَمِينُ) ، قيل لَهَا: مَصْبُورَةٌ، وإِن كَانَ صاحبُهَا فِي الحَقِيقَة هُوَ المصْبُورُ؛ لأَنّه إِنّما صُبِرَ من أَجْلِها، أَي حُبِس، فوُصِفَتْ بالصَّبْرِ، وأُضِيفَتْ إِليه مَجازاً.
(والصَّبْرُ: نَقِيضُ الجَزَعِ) .
يُقَال: (صَبَرَ) الرَّجلُ (يَصْبِرُ) صَبْراً (فَهُوَ صابِرٌ) وصَبَّارٌ (وصَبِيرٌ) ، كأَمِيرٍ، (وصَبُورٌ) ، والأُنْثَى (صَبُورٌ) أَيضاً، بِغَيْر هاءٍ، وَالْجمع صُبُرٌ.
وَقَالَ الجَوْهَرِيّ: الصَّبْرُ: حَبْسُ النَّفْسِ عندَ الجَزَعِ، وَقد صَبَرَ فلانٌ عِنْد المُصِيبَةِ يَصْبِرُ صَبْراً، وصَبَرْتُه أَنا: حَبَسْتُه، قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: {وَاصْبِرْ نَفْسَكَ مَعَ الَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ رَبَّهُم} (الْكَهْف: 28) ، أَي احْبِسْ نفْسَكَ مَعَهم.
وَفِي البصائر للمصنّف: الصَّبْرُ فِي اللُّغَةِ: الحَبْسُ والكَفُّ فِي ضِيق، وَمِنْه قيل: فُلانٌ صُبِر، إِذا أُمْسِك وحُبِسَ للقَتْلِ، فالصَّبْرُ: حَبْسُ النَّفْسِ عَن الجَزَعِ، وحَبْسُ اللّسَانِ عَن الشَّكْوَى، وحبْسُ الجوارِحِ عَن التَّشْوِيشِ.
وَقَالَ ذُو النُّون: الصَّبْرُ: التّبَاعُدُ عَن المُخَالفَاتِ، والسُّكُونُ عندَ تجَرُّعِ غُصصِ البَلِيّاتِ، وإِظْهَارُ الغِنى مَعَ طُولِ الفقْرِ بسَاحاتِ المَعِيشَةِ.
وَقيل: الصَّبْرُ: الوُقُوف مَعَ البَلاءِ بحُسْنِ الأَدَبِ.
وَقيل: هُوَ الفَنَاءُ فِي البَلْوى بِلَا ظُهورِ شكْوى.
وَقيل: إِلْزامُ النَّفْسِ الهُجُومَ على المكَارِه.
وَقَالَ عَمْرُو بنُ عُثْمَان: هُوَ الثَّبَاتُ مَعَ اللَّهِ، وتَلقِّي بَلائِه بالرّحْبِ والسَّعَةِ.
وَقَالَ الخَوّاصُ: هُوَ الثَّبَاتُ على أَحكامِ الكِتَابِ والسُّنَّة.
وَقيل: الصَّبْرُ: أَنْ تَرْضَى بتَلَفِ نَفْسِكَ فِي رِضَا من تُحِبّه.
وَقَالَ الحَرِيرِيّ: الصَّبْرُ: أَن لَا يَفْرِقَ بينَ حَالِ النِّعْمَةِ وحالِ المِحْنَةِ، مَعَ سكونِ الخاطِرِ فيهمَا.
(وتَصَبَّر) الرَّجلُ (واصْطَبَرَ) : جعَلَ لَهُ صَبْراً، (واصَّبَرَ) ، بقلبِ الطّاءِ صاداً، وَلَا تَقول: اطَّبر، لأَنّ الصّادَ لَا تُدْغَمُ فِي الطَّاءِ.
وَقيل: التَّصَبُّرُ: تَكَلُّفُ الصَّبْرِ، وَمِنْه قَولُ عُمَر: أَفْضَلُ الصَّبْرِ التَّصَبُّرُ، قَالَه ابنُ الأَعرابيّ.
وَقيل: مَراتِبُ الصَّبْرِ خَمْسةٌ: صابِرٌ، ومُصْطَبِرٌ، ومُتَصَبِّرٌ، وصَبُورٌ، وصَبَّارٌ.
فالصّابِرُ: أَعمُّها، والمُصْطَبِرُ المُكْتسِبُ للصَّبْر المُبْتلي بِهِ.
والمُتَصَبِّرُ: مُتَكَلِّفُ الصَّبْرِ حامِلُ نَفْسِه عَلَيْهِ.
والصَّبُورُ: العَظِيمُ الصَّبْرِ الَّذِي صبْرُه أَشدُّ من صَبْرِ غيرِه.
والصَّبّارُ: الشَّدِيدُ الصَّبْرِ.
فهاذا فِي القَدْرِ والكَمّ، وَالَّذِي قبله فِي الوَصْفِ والكَيْفِ.
(وأَصْبرَه: أَمَرَه بالصَّبْرِ، كصَبَّرهُ) تصْبِيراً.
وَقَالَ الصاغانيّ: صَبَّرْتُه تَصْبِيراً: طَلَبْتُ مِنْهُ أَن يصْبِر.
(و) أَصْبَرَه: (جَعَلَ لَهُ صَبْراً) ، كاصْطَبَره. (وصَبَرَ بِهِ، كنَصَرَ) ، يَصْبُرُ (صَبْراً وصَبارَةً) ، بالفَتْح فيهمَا، أَي (كَفَلَ) بِهِ، (و) تقولُ مِنْهُ: (اصْبُرْنِي) يَا رجُل، (كانْصُرْنِي) ، أَي (أَعْطِنِي كفِيلاً) .
(و) هُوَ بِهِ صَبِيرٌ، (الصَّبِيرُ) كأَمِيرٍ: (الكَفِيلُ) ، وَقد جاءَ فِي حديثِ الحَسنِ: مَنْ أَسْلَفَ سَلَفاً فَلَا يَأْخُذَنَّ بهِ رَهْناً وَلَا صَبِيراً.
(و) الصَّبِيرُ، أَيضاً: (مُقدَّمُ الــقَوْمِ) ، وزَعِيمُهُم، الذِي يَصْبرُ لَهُم ومعَهُم (فِي أُمُورِهِمْ) .
(و) الصَّبِيرُ: (الجَبَلُ) ، قَالَه الصّاغانيّ: وَقيل: هُوَ جَبَلٌ بعَيْنِه، وَقد جاءَ ذِكْرُه فِي حَدِيثِ مُعاذٍ.
(ج: صُبَرَاءُ) ككُرَماءَ.
(و) الصَّبِيرُ: (السَّحابَة البَيْضاءُ، أَو الكَثيفَةُ الَّتِي فَوْق السّحابَةِ، أَو) هُوَ السَّحابُ الأَبيضُ (الَّذِي يَصِيرُ بَعْضُه فَوق بعضٍ) ، درجاً، قَالَ يَصِفُ جَيْشاً:
ككِرْفِئَةِ الغَيْثِ ذاتِ الصَّبِير
قَالَ ابنُ بَرِّيّ: هاذا الصَّدْرُ يحْتَمل أَن يكون صَدراً لِبَيتِ عامِرِ بنِ جُوَيْنٍ الطّائِيّ من أَبيات:
وجارِيَةٍ من بَنَاتِ المُلُو
كِ قَعْقَعْتُ بالخَيْلِ خَلْخَالَهَا
ككِرْفِئَةِ الغَيْثِ ذاتِ الصَّبِي
رِ تَأْتِي السَّحاب وتَأْتَا لهَا
قَالَ: أَي رُبَّ جارِيةٍ من بَناتِ المُلُوكِ قَعْقَعْتُ خَلْخَالها لمّا أَغرْتُ عَلَيْهِم، فهَرَبَتْ وعَدَتْ، فسُمِع صَوتُ خَلْخالِهَا، وَلم تكن قَبْلَ لَك تَعْدُو، وَقَوله: ككِرْفِئَةِ. . الخ، أَي هاذِه الْجَارِيَة كالسَّحابَةِ البيضاءِ الكثيفة تأْتِي السَّحَاب أَي تقصد إِلى جُمْلَةِ السَّحاب وتَأْتَالُه، أَي تُصْلِحُه، وأَصله تَأْتَوِلُه مِن الأَولِ، وَهُوَ الإِصلاحُ.
قَالَ: وَيحْتَمل أَن يكون: (ككِرْفِئَةِ الغَيْثِ. .) ، للخَنْساءِ، وعَجُزُه:
تَرْمِي السَّحابَ ويَرْمِي لَهَا
وَقَبله:
ورَجْرَاجةٍ فَوْقَهَا بَيْضُهَا
علَيْهَا المُضَاعَفُ زِفْنَا لَهَا
قلْتُ: وقرأْت فِي زَوَائِدِ الأَمالي، لأَبِي عليَ القالِي هاذا البَيتَ فِي جملةِ أَبياتٍ للخَنْساءِ رَثَتْ بهَا أَخاها وأَولها:
أَلاَ مَا لِعَيْنَيْكَ أَمْ مالَها
لقدْ أَخْضَلَ الدَّمْعُ سِرْبَالَها
(أَو القِطْعَةُ الوَاقِفَةُ مِنْهَا) تَراهَا كأَنَّهَا مَصْبورَة، أَي مَحْبُوسة، وهاذا ضعيفٌ.
قَالَ أَبو حنيفَة: الصَّبِيرُ: السَّحاب يَثْبُتُ يَوْمًا وَلَيْلَة، وَلَا يَبْرَحُ، كأَنَّه يُصْبرُ، أَي يُحْبَسُ.
(أَو) هُوَ (السَّحابُ الأَبْيَضُ) ، لَا يكَاد يُمْطِرُ، قَالَ رُشَيْدُ بنُ رُمَيْضٍ العَنَزِيّ:
تَرُوحُ إِلَيْهِمُ عَكَرٌ تَرَاغَى
كأَنَّ دَوِيَّهَا رَعْدُ الصَّبِيرِ
والجَمْعُ كالواحِدِ، وَقيل: (ج: صُبُرٌ) ، بضمّتين، قَالَ ساعدَةُ بنُ جُؤَيَّةَ:
فارِمِ بِهِمْ لِيَّةَ والأَخْلافَا
جَوْزَ النُّعَامَى صُبُراً خِفَافَا
(و) الصَّبِيرُ صَبِيرُ الخِوانِ، وَهُوَ (الرُّقَاقَةُ العَرِيضَةُ تُبْسَطُ تَحْتَ مَا يُؤْكَلُ من الطَّعَامِ) .
(أَو) هِيَ (رُقَاقَةٌ يَغْرِفُ عَلَيْها) الخبّازُ (طَعَامَ العُرْسِ، كالصَّبِيرَةِ) ، بزيادةِ الهاءِ، وَقد أَصْبَرَ، كَمَا سيأْتي.
(والأَصْبِرَةُ من الغَنَمِ والإِبِلِ: الَّتِي تَرُوحُ وتَغْدُو) علَى أَهْلِها (وَلَا تَعْزُبُ) عَنْهُم، (بِلَا واحِدٍ) ، قَالَ ابنُ سَيّده: وَلم أَسْمَعْ لَهَا بوَاحِدٍ، ورُوِيَ بَيْتُ عَنْترةَ:
لَهَا بالصَّيْفِ أَصْبِرَةٌ وجُلٌّ
وسِتٌّ من كَرَائِمِهَا غِزَارُ (والصِّبْرُ، بِالْكَسْرِ والضّمّ: ناحِيةُ الشَّيْءِ) ، وجانِبُه، وبُصْرُه مثْلُه، (و) هُوَ (حَرْفُه) وغِلظُه.
وَقيل: صُبْرُ الشيْءِ: أَعلاه، وَفِي حديثِ ابنِ مَسْعُودٍ: سِدْرَةُ المُنْتَهَى صُبْرُ الجَنَّةِ، أَي أَعلاها، أَي أَعْلى نَواحِيهَا، قَالَ النَّمِرُ بنُ تَوْلَب يصف روْضَةً:
عَزَبَتْ وباكَرَها الشَّتِيُّ بدِيمةٍ
وَطْفَاءَ تَمْلَؤُهَا إِلى أَصْبَارِها
(و) قَالَ الفَرَّاءُ: الصِّبْرُ، والصُّبْرُ: (السَّحَابَةُ البَيْضَاءُ، ج: أَصْبَارٌ) .
(و) الصُّبْرُ (بالضَّمّ: بَطْنٌ مِنْ غَسّانَ) ، قَالَ الأَخْطلُ:
فسَائِلِ الصُّبْرَ مِنْ غَسّانَ إِذْ حضَرُوا
والحزْنَ كيْفَ قَرَاكَ الغِلْمَةُ الجشَرُ
الصُّبْرُ والحَزْنُ: قَبِيلَتَانِ، وَقد تقدّم تفسيرُ البيتِ فِي جشر.
(و) الصَّبرُ: (بالتَّحْرِيكِ: الجمَدُ) ، والقِطْعَةُ صبرَةٌ، أَورده الصّاغانيّ، وَزَاد الزَّمَخْشَرِيّ فَقَالَ: هُوَ من أَصْبَرَ الشيْءُ: إِذا اشْتَدّ.
(و) يُقَال: (مَلأَ) المِكْيالَ إِلى أَصْبَارِه، وأَدْهَقَ (الكَأْس إِلى أَصْبَارِها، أَي) إِلى أَعالِيها و (رَأْسِها) .
وأَصْبارُ الإِنَاءِ: نَوَاحِيه.
(و) يُقَال: (أَخَذَه بأَصْبارِه) ، أَي تامّاً (بجَمِيعِه) .
وَقَالَ الأَصمَعِيّ: إِذا لَقِيَ الرجلُ الشِّدَّةَ بكَمَالِها قيل: لَقِيَهَا بأَصْبَارِهَا.
(والصُّبْرَةُ، بالضَّمّ: مَا جُمِعَ من الطَّعَامِ بِلَا كَيْلٍ ووَزْنٍ) ، بعضُه فَوْقَ بعض.
وَقَالَ الجَوْهَرِيّ: الصُّبْرَةُ: واحِدَةُ صُبِرَ الطَّعَامِ، يُقَال: اشتريتُ الشيءَ صُبْرَةً، أَي بِلَا وَزْنٍ وَلَا كَيْلٍ. والصُّبْرَةُ: الكُدْسُ، (وَقد صَبَّرُوا طَعَامَهُمْ) : جَعَلوه صُبْرَةً.
(و) الصُّبْرَةُ: (الطَّعَامُ المَنْخُولُ) بشيْءٍ شَبِيهٍ بالسَّرَنْدِ.
(و) الصُّبْرَةُ: (الحِجَارَةُ الغَلِيظَةُ المُجْتَمِعَة، ج: صِبَارٌ) ، بِالْكَسْرِ.
(والصُّبْرُ، بالضَّمِّ وبِضَمِّتَيْنِ) لُغَة عَن كُرَاع: (الأَرْضُ ذاتُ الحَصْبَاءِ) ، وَلَيْسَت بغَلِيظَةٍ، وَمِنْه قيل للحَرَّةِ: أُمُّ صَبَّارٍ.
(والصّبَارَةُ: الحِجَارَةُ) ، وَقيل: الحِجارَةُ المُلْسُ ويُثلَّث قَالَ الأَعشى:
مَنْ مُبْلغٌ شَيْبَانَ أَنّ
المَرْءَ لَمْ يُخْلَقْ صُبَارَهْ
وَفِي الصّحاح:
مَنْ مُبْلِغٌ عَمْراً بأَنّ
المَرْءَ لَمْ يُخْلَقْ صُبَارَه
واستشهدَ بِهِ الأَزهريّ أَيضاً، ويُرْوَى صَبَارَة، بِفَتْح الصَّاد جمعُ صَبَارٍ، والهاءُ داخلةٌ لجَمْعِ الجَمْع، لأَنّ الصِّبَارَ جمعُ صُبْرَة، وَهِي حِجَارَةٌ شَدِيدَةٌ.
قَالَ ابنُ بَرِّيّ: وصوابُه: لم يُخْلَقُ صِبَارَهْ، بِكَسْر الصَّاد، قَالَ: وأَمّا صُبَارَةُ وصَبَارَةُ، فَلَيْسَ بجَمْعٍ لصَبْرَةٍ، لأَنّ فَعَالاً لَيْسَ من أَبْنِيَةِ الجُمُوع، وإِنما ذالك فِعَالٌ، بالكَسْر، نَحْو حِجَارٍ وجِبَالٍ.
قَالَ ابنُ بَرِّيّ: البَيْتُ لعَمْرِو بنِ مِلْقَطٍ الطّائِيّ، يُخَاطِبُ بهاذا الشِّعْرِ عَمْرَو بنَ هِنْد، وَكَانَ عمْرُو بنُ هِنْد قُتِلَ لَهُ أَخٌ عنْد زُرارَةَ بنِ عُدُسٍ الدّارِمِيّ، وَكَانَ بَين عَمْرِو بنِ مِلْقَطٍ، وَبَين زُرَارَةَ شَرٌّ، فحرّض عمْرَو بنَ هِنْد على بني دَارِمٍ. يَقُول: لَيْسَ الإِنسانُ بحَجَرٍ فيَصْبِرَ على مِثْلِ هاذا، وَبعد البَيت:
وحَوَادِثُ الأَيّامِ لَا
يَبْقَى لَهَا إِلاّ الحِجَارَهْ
هَا إِنَّ عِجْزَةَ أُمِّهِ
بالسَّفْحِ أَسْفَلَ من أُوَارَهْ تَسْفِي الرِّيَاحُ خِلالَ كَشْ
حَيْهِ وَقد سَلَبُوا إِزَارَهْ
فاقْتُلْ زُرَارَةَ لَا أَرَى
فِي الــقَوْمِ أَوْفَى من زُرَارَهْ
(و) قيل: الصَّبَارَةُ: (قِطْعَةٌ من حَدِيدٍ أَو حِجَارَةٍ) .
(و) الصَّبَارَّةُ، (بتشديدِ الرّاءِ: شِدَّةُ البَرْدِ، وَقد تُخَفّف، كالصَّبْرَةِ) ، بِفَتْح فَسُكُون، التَّخْفِيف عَن اللِّحْيَانِيّ يُقَال: أَتَيْتُه فِي صَبَارَّةِ الشِّتَاءِ، أَي فِي شِدَّة البرْدِ، وَفِي حَدِيث عليّ، رَضِي الله عَنهُ: قُلْتُم: هاذِه صَبَارَّةُ القُرِّ، هِيَ شِدَّةُ البَرْد، كحَمَارَّةِ القَيْظِ.
(و) يُقَال: سَلَكُوا (أُمّ صَبّارٍ) ككَتّان، (و) وَقَعُوا فِي (أُمِّ صَبُّورٍ) ، كتَنُّورٍ، أَي (الحَرّ) ، هاكذا فِي النّسخ الَّتِي بأَيدِينا، وَهُوَ خطأٌ، وَالصَّوَاب الحَرَّة، كَمَا فِي المُحْكَم والتَّهْذِيبِ والتَّكْمِلَة، مُشْتَقٌّ من الصُّبُرِ الَّتِي هِيَ الأَرْضُ ذاتُ الحَصْباءِ، أَو من الصُّبَارَة، وخَصَّ بعضُهم بِهِ الرَّجْلاءَ مِنْهَا، (والدَّاهِيَةُ) ، فَفِي كَلَام المُصَنّف لَفٌّ ونَشْرٌ مرَتَّب.
قَالَ ابنُ بَرّيّ: ذكر أَبُو عُمَر الزّاهِد أَنّ أُمَّ صَبّارٍ الحَرَّةُ.
وَقَالَ الفَزَارِيّ: هِيَ حَرَّةُ لَيْلَى وَحَرَّةُ النّار، قَالَ: والشّاهِدُ لذالك قولُ النّابِغَةِ:
تُدَافِعُ النّاسَ عنْهَا حِينَ يَرْكَبُهَا
مِنَ المَظالِمِ يُدْعَى أُمَّ صَبَّارِ
أَي تَدْفَعُ الناسَ عَنْهَا، فلاَ سَبِيلَ لأَحَدٍ إِلى غَزْوِنَا؛ لأَنَّهَا تَمنَعُهم من ذالك؛ لكَوْنِهَا غَلِيظَةً لَا تَطَؤُهَا الخَيْلُ، وَلَا يُغَار علينا فِيهَا، وَقَوله: من المَظَالِمِ جَمْع مُظْلِمَة، أَي حَرَّة سَوْدَاء مُظْلِمَة.
وَقَالَ ابنُ السِّكِّيت فِي كتاب الأَلفاظ، فِي بَاب الِاخْتِلَاط والشَّرّ يَقع بَين الــقومِ: وتُدْعَى الحَرَّةُ والهَضْبَةُ أُمّ صَبَّارٍ.
ورُوِيَ عَن ابنِ شُمَيْل أَنَّ أُمَّ صَبّارٍ هِيَ الصَّفَاةُ لَا يَحِيكُ فِيهَا شَيْءٌ، قَالَ: وأَمّا أُمُّ صَبُّورٍ، فَقَالَ أَبو عَمْرٍ والشَّيْبَانِيّ: هِيَ الهَضْبَةُ الَّتِي لَيْسَ لَهَا مَنْفَذٌ، يُقَال: وَقَعَ الــقَوْمُ فِي أُمِّ صَبُّور، أَي فِي أَمْرٍ مُلْتَبِسٍ شَديدٍ، لَيْسَ لَهُ مَنْفَذٌ، كهاذِه الهَضْبَةِ الَّتِي لَا مَنْفَذَ لَهَا وأَنْشَدَ لأَبِي الغَرِيبِ النَّصْرِيّ:
أَوْقَعَهُ اللَّهُ بسوءِ فِعْلِه
فِي أُمِّ صَبُّورٍ فأَوْدَى ونَشِبْ
(و) قيل: أُمُّ صَبّارٍ، وأُم صَبُّورٍ، كِلْتَاهما الدّاهِيَةُ، و (الحَرْبُ الشَّدِيدَةُ) وَفِي الْمُحكم: يُقَال: وَقَعُوا فِي أُمِّ صَبّار وأُمِّ صَبُّور، قَالَ: هاكذا قرأْتُه فِي الأَلفاظ: صَبُّور، بالبَاءِ، قَالَ: وَفِي بعضِ النُّسَخِ أُمُّ صَيُّور، كأَنّها مُشْتَقَّة من الصِّيَارَةِ، وهِيَ الحِجَارَةُ.
(والصَّبِرُ، ككَتِفٍ) ، هاذا الدَّوَاءُ المُرُّ (وَلَا يُسَكَّنُ إِلاّ فِي ضَرُورَةِ الشِّعْرِ) ، قَالَ الرّاجز:
أَمَرَّ مِنْ صَبْرٍ ومَقرٍ وحُضَضّ
كَذَا فِي الصّحاح، وَفِي الْحَاشِيَة: الحُضَضُ: الخُولانُ، وَقيل: هُوَ بِظاءَيْنِ، وَقيل: بضَادٍ وظَاءٍ، قَالَ ابنُ بَرِّيّ: صوابُ إِنشادِه: أَمَرَّ، بِالنّصب، وأَورَدَه بظاءَيْن؛ لأَنّه يَصِفُ حَيّة، وقبلَه:
أَرْقَشَ ظَمْآنَ إِذَا عُصْرَ لَفَظْ
قَالَ شَيخنَا: على أَن التَّسْكِينَ حَكَاهُ ابنُ السَّيِّد فِي كتاب الفَرْقِ لَهُ، وَزَاد: ومِنْهُم من يُلْقِي حركَةَ الباءِ على الصادِ، فَيَقُول: صِبْر بِالْكَسْرِ، قَالَ الشَّاعِر:
تَعَزَّبْتُ عَنْهَا كارِهاً فتَرَكْتُهَا
وَكَانَ فِراقِيها أَمَرَّ من الصِّبْرِ
ثمَّ قَالَ: والصِّبْر بِالْكَسْرِ لُغَة فِي الصَّبرِ، وَذكر مثلَه فِي كتاب المُثلّث لَهُ، وصَرّح بِهِ فِي المِصْباحِ، وذكرَهُ غيرُ واحدٍ انْتهى.
وَفِي المُحْكَم: الصَّبِرُ: (عُصارَةُ شَجَرٍ مُرَ) ، الْوَاحِدَة صَبِرَةُ، وَجمعه صُبُورٌ، قَالَ الفَرَزْدَقُ:
يَا ابنَ الخَلِيَّةِ إِنَّ حَرْبِي مُرَّةٌ
فِيهَا مَذاقَةُ حَنْظَلٍ وصُبُورِ
وَقَالَ أَبو حَنيفة: نباتُ الصَّبِر كنَباتِ السَّوْسَنِ الأَخْضَرِ، غير أَنّ وَرَقَ الصَّبِر أَطولُ وأَعرضُ وأَثْخَنُ كثيرا، وَهُوَ كثيرُ الماءِ جدّاً.
وَقَالَ اللَّيْثُ: الصَّبِرُ، بِكَسْر الباءِ: عُصَارَةُ شَجَرٍ وَرَقُها كقُرُبِ السّكاكين طِوَالُ غِلاظٌ، فِي خُضْرَتِها غُبْرَة وكُمْدَةٌ، مقْشَعِرَّةُ المَنْظَرِ، يَخْرُج من وَسطِهَا ساقٌ عَلَيْهِ نَوْرٌ أَصفَرُ تَمِهُ الرّيحِ، قلْت: وأَجْوَدُه السُّقُطْرِيّ وَيعرف أَيضاً بالصَّبّارَة.
(و) صَبِرٌ، ككَتِفٍ: (جَبَلٌ) من جِبَالِ اليَمَنِ (مُطِلٌّ عَلَى تَعِزَّ) المدينَةِ المشْهُورَة بهَا.
(ولَقِيطُ بنُ عَامِرِ بنِ صَبِرَةَ) ، بِكَسْر الباءِ: (صَحابِيٌّ) وافدُ بني المُنْتَفِقِ، لَهُ حديثٌ فِي الوضوءِ، وَيُقَال: هُوَ لَقِيطُ بنُ صَبِرَةَ والدُ عاصِمٍ، حِجَازِيّ.
(و) الصِّبَارُ: (ككِتَابٍ: السِّدَادُ) ، وَيُقَال للسِّدَادِ: القعولة والبُلْبُلَةُ والعُرْعُرَةُ.
(و) الصِّبَارُ أَيضاً: (المُصَابَرَةُ) ، وَقد صابَرَ مُصَابَرَةً وصِبَاراً.
وَقَالَ المُصَنِّفُ فِي البصائر فِي قَوْله تَعَالَى: {اصْبِرُواْ وَصَابِرُواْ وَرَابِطُواْ} (آل عمرَان: 200) ، انتقالٌ من الأَدْنَى إِلى الأَعْلَى، فالصَّبْرُ دُونَ المُصَابَرَة، والمُصَابَرَةُ دونَ المُرابَطَةِ، وَقيل: اصْبِرُوا بنُفُوسِكُم وصابِرُوا بقلوبِكُم على البَلْوَى فِي اللَّهِ، ورابِطُوا بأَسْرَارِكُم على الشَّوْقِ إِلى اللَّهِ، وَقيل: اصْبِرُوا فِي اللَّهِ وصابِرُوا باللَّهِ، ورابِطُوا مَعَ اللَّهِ.
(و) الصِّبَار: (حَمْلُ شَجَرَةٍ حامِضَةٍ) .
(و) الصُّبارُ: (كغُرَابٍ، ورُمّانٍ) : حَمْلُ شَجَرَةٍ شَدِيدَةِ الحُمُوضَة، أَشَدّ حُموضَةً من المَصْلِ، لَهُ عَجَمٌ أَحْمَرُ عَرِيضٌ يُجْلَبُ من الهِنْدِ، يُقَال لَهُ: (التَّمْرُ الهِنْدِيُّ) ، وَهُوَ الَّذِي يُتَداوَى بِهِ، ويُقَال لشَجَرِه: الحُمَرُ، مثل صُرَد.
(وأَبُو صُبَيْرَةَ، كجُهَيْنَةَ: طائِرٌ أَحْمَرُ البَطْنِ أَسودُ الظَّهْرِ والرَّأَسِ والذَّنَبِ) ، هاكذا فِي التكملة، وَفِي اللِّسَان: طائِر أَحْمَرُ البَطْنِ أَسودُ الرأْسِ والجَنَاحَيْن، والذَّنَبِ، وسائرُه أَحْمَرُ.
(وأَصْبَرَ) الرَّجُلُ: (أَكَلَ الصَّبِيرَةَ) وَهِي الرُّقَاقَةُ الَّتِي تَقَدّم ذِكْرُهَا، قَالَه ابنُ الأَعرابِيّ.
(و) أَصْبَرَ، إِذَا (وَقَعَ فِي أُمِّ صَبُّور) ، وَهِي الدَّاهِيَةُ أَو الأَمْرُ الشَّدِيدُ، وكذالك إِذا وَقَعَ فِي أُمِّ صَبّار، وَهِي الحَرَّةُ.
(و) أَصْبَرَ: (قَعَدَ على الصَّبِيرِ) ، وَهُوَ الجَبَلُ.
(و) أَصْبَرَ: (سَدَّ رَأْسَ الحَوْجَلَةِ بالصِّبَارِ) وَهُوَ السِّدَاد.
(و) أَصْبَرَ (اللَّبَنُ) ، إِذا (اشْتَدَّتْ حُمُوضتُه إِلى المَرَارَةِ) ، قَالَ أَبو عُبَيْدٍ فِي كتابِ اللَّبَنِ: المُمَقَّرُ والمُصَبَّر: الشديدُ الحُمُوضَةِ إِلى المَرَارَةِ، قالَ أَبو حاتِم: اشْتُقّا من الصَّبِر والمَقِرِ، وهما مُرّانِ.
(و) فِي حديثِ ابْن عبّاس فِي قَوْله عزّ وجلّ: {وَكَانَ عَرْشُهُ عَلَى الْمَآء} (هود: 7) ، قَالَ: كانَ يَصْعَدُ إِلى السَّماءِ بُخَارٌ من الماءِ فاسْتَصْبَرَ فعادَ صَبِيراً. (اسْتَصْبَرَ) أَي (اسْتَكْثَفَ) وتَرَاكَم فصارَ سَحَاباً فذالك قَوْله: {ثُمَّ اسْتَوَى إِلَى السَّمَآء وَهِىَ دُخَانٌ} (فصلت: 11) ، الصَّبِيرُ: سَحَابٌ أَبيضُ مُتَكَاثِفٌ، يَعْنِي تَكَاثَفَ البُخَارُ: وتَرَاكَمَ فصارَ سَحَاباً.
(والاصْطِبَارُ: الاقْتِصَاصُ) ، وَفِي حَدِيث عَمّار حِين ضَرَبَه عُثْمانُ، فلمّا عُوتِبَ فِي ضَرْبِه إِيّاه قَالَ: (هاذِه يَدِي لِعَمَّارٍ فلْيَصْطَبِرْ) مَعْنَاهُ فَلْيَقْتَصَّ. يُقَال: صَبَرَ فُلانٌ فُلاناً لوَلِيّ فلانٍ، أَي حَبَسَه، وأَصْبَرَه أَي أَقَصَّهُ مِنْهُ فاصْطَبَر، أَي اقْتَصَّ.
وَقَالَ الأَحمرُ: أَقادَ السلطانُ فلَانا، وأَقَصَّهُ وأَصبَرَه بِمَعْنى واحدٍ، إِذَا قَتَلَه بقَوَدٍ، وَفِي الحَدِيث: (أَنَّ النبيَّ صلى الله عَلَيْهِ وسلمطَعَنَ إِنْسَاناً بقَضِيبٍ مُدَاعَبَةً، فَقَالَ لَهُ: اصْبِرْنِي، قَالَ: اصْطَبِرْ) أَي: أَقِدْنِي من نَفْسِك، قَالَ: اسْتَقِدْ، يُقَال: صَبَرَ فُلانٌ من خَصْمِه، واصْطَبَرَ، أَي اقْتَصَّ مِنْهُ، وأَصْبَرَه الحاكِمُ، أَي أَقَصَّه من خَصْمِه.
(وصَبَّرَه: طَلَبَ مِنْهُ أَن يَصْبِر) ، كَذَا فِي التكملة.
(والصَّبُورُ) : من أَسْمَاءِ الله تَعَالَى، وَفِي الحَدِيثِ: (إِنّ اللَّهَ تَعالَى قَالَ: إِنِّي أَنَا الصَّبُورُ) ، قَالَ أَبو إِسحاق: الصَّبُورُ فِي صِفَةِ اللَّهِ عَزّ وجَلّ: (الحَلِيمُ الَّذِي لَا يُعَاجِلُ العُصَاةَ بالنِّقْمَةِ، بل يَعْفُو، أَو يُؤَخِّرُ) ، وَهُوَ من أَبْنِيَة المُبَالَغَةِ، والفَرْقُ بَينه وَبَين الحَلِيم أَنَّ المُذْنِبَ لَا يَأْمَنُ العُقُوبَةَ كَمَا يأْمَنُهَا فِي صِفَةِ الحَلِيم.
(و) الصَّبُورُ: (فَرَسُ نافِعِ بنِ جَبَلَة) الحَدَلِيّ.
(و) الصَّبْر: الجَراءَةُ، وَمِنْه قَوْله تَعالَى: (مَا أَصْبَرَهُمْ عَلَى النّار) ، هاكذا فِي سَائِر النُّسخ، وَالصَّوَاب: {فَمَآ أَصْبَرَهُمْ عَلَى النَّارِ} (الْبَقَرَة: 175) ، (أَي مَا أَجْرَأَهُم) على أَعمالِ أَهلِ النّار (أَو مَا أَعْمَلَهُم بعَمَلِ أَهلِهَا) ، القَوْل الثَّانِي فِي التكملة.
(وشَهْرُ الصَّبْرِ: شَهْرُ الصَّوْمِ) ، وَمِنْه الحَدِيث: (مَن سَرَّهُ أَنْ يَذْهَبَ كَثِيرٌ مِنْ وَحَرِ صَدْرِه فليَصُمْ شَهْرَ الصَّبْر وثَلاثةَ أَيام من كلِّ شَهْرٍ) ، وأَصْلُ الصّبْرِ: الحَبْسُ، وسُمِّيَ الصَّوْمُ صَبْراً؛ لما فِيهِ من حَبْسِ النَّفْسِ عَن الطَّعَام والشَّرَابِ والنِّكَاحِ.
(و) الصَّبَّارَةُ، (كجَبَّانَة: الأَرْضُ الغَلِيظَةُ المُشْرِفَةُ الشَّأْسَةُ) ، لَا نَبْتَ فِيهَا، وَلَا تُنْبِتُ شَيْئا، وَقيل: هِيَ أُم صَبّارٍ.
(وسَمَّوْا صابِراً) كنَاصِرٍ، مِنْهُم: أَبو عَمْرٍ ومحمَّدُ بنُ محمّد بن صابِر الصّابِرِيّ، نُسِبَ إِلى جَدِّه، وَآخَرُونَ.
(وصَبِرَةَ، بكسرِ الباءِ) ، مِنْهُم عامِرُ بنُ صَبِرَةَ الصّحَابِيّ الَّذِي تقدَّم ذِكْرُه، وسَمَّوْا أَيضاً صبيرةَ.
(وأَمّا قولُ الجَوْهَرِيّ: الصَّبَارُ) ، أَي كسَحاب: (جَمْعُ صَبْرَةٍ) ، بِفَتْح فَسُكُون (وَهِي الحِجَارَةُ الشَّدِيدَةُ) ، قَالَ الأَعشى:
قُبَيْلَ الصُّبْحِ أَصْوَاتُ الصَّبَارِ
فغَلَطٌ، (والصَّوابُ فِي اللُّغَة و) فِي (البَيْتِ) أَصْواتُ (الصِّيَار، بالكَسْرِ، والياءِ) التَّحْتِيّة (وَهُوَ صَوْتُ الصَّنْجِ) ذِي الأَوْتَارِ (والبَيْتُ ليسَ للأَعْشَى) كَمَا ظَنَّه (وصَدْرُه) :
كَأَنَّ تَرَنُّمَ الهَاجاتِ فِيهَا
هاذا نَصّ الصّاغانيّ فِي التكملة، وكأَن المُصَنّف قلَّدَه فِي تَغْلِيطِ الجَوْهَرِيّ، والهَاجَاتُ: الضّفادِعُ، وعَلى قَوْلِ الجَوْهَرِيّ: شَبَّهَ نَقِيقَ الضَّفادِعِ فِي هاذِه العَيْنِ بوَقْعِ الحِجَارَةِ، وَهُوَ صَحِيح، ونقلَه صاحبُ المُحْكَمِ هاكذا، وسلَّمَه، ونَسب البَيْتَ للأَعشَى، وَقَالَ: الصَّبْرَةُ من الحِجَارَة: مَا اشتَدَّ وغَلُظَ، وجَمْعُهَا الصَّبَار. وسيأْتي فِي صير.
وَقَالَ شيخُنَا: كلامُ الجَوْهَرِيّ فِي هاذا البَيْت مَرْبوطٌ ببَيْتٍ آخَرَ جاءَ بِهِ شاهِداً على غيرِ هاذا ولابنِ بَرّيْ فِيهِ كَلامٌ غيرُ محرَّرٍ، قلَّده المصنِّف فِي ذالك فأَوْرَدَ الكلامَ مختَصَراً مُبْهَماً، فلْيُحَرّر، انْتهى.
قلْت: وكأَنّه يُشيرُ إِلى قَول الأَعشى المتقدِّم ذِكْرُه:
مَن مُبْلِغٌ شَيْبَانَ أَنّ
المَرْءَ لَمْ يُخْلِقْ صَبَارَهْ
وقولُ ابنِ بَرِّيّ: وصوابُه بكسْرِ الصَّاد، قَالَ: وأَما صُبَارَةُ وصَبَارَةُ، فَلَيْسَ بجمْعٍ لصَبْرَةٍ؛ لأَنَّ فَعَالاً لَيْسَ من أَبْنِيَةِ الجُمُوعِ، وإِنما ذالِك فِعَالٌ، بالكسرِ، نَحْو حِجَارٍ وجِبَالٍ، وأَنّ البيتَ لعَمْرِو بنِ مِلقَطٍ الطّائِيّ وَقد تَقَدّم بيانُه، فهاذا تحريرُ هاذا المَقَام الذِي أَشارَ لَهُ شيخُنا، فتَأَمَّلّ.
(وصَابِرٌ، سِكَّةٌ بمَرْوَ) . ظاهِرُ أَنه كناصِر، وضَبَطَه الحافِظُ فِي التَّبْصِيرِ بِفَتْح الموحَّدَةِ، وَقَالَ: مِنْهَا أَبو الْمَعَالِي يُوسُفُ بنُ مُحَمّدٍ الفُقَيْمِيّ الصابِريّ، سمِعَ مِنْهُ أَبو سَعْد بنِ السَّمْعَانِيّ.
(والصَّبْرَةُ، بالفَتْح) ذِكْرُ الفَتْحِ مُسْتَدْرَكٌ: (مَا تَلَبَّدَ فِي الحَوْضِ من البَوْلِ والسِّرْقِينِ والبَعَرِ) .
(و) الصَّبْرَةُ (من الشِّتَاءِ: وَسَطُه) . وَقد تَقَدَّم فِي كَلَام المصنِّف، ويُقَال لَهَا أَيضاً: الصَّوْبَرَةُ.
(و) صَبْرَة، (بِلا لَام: د، بالمَغْرِبِ) قَرِيبٌ من القَيْرَوان.
(والصُّنْبُورُ) ، بالضَّمّ، (يأْتِي) ذكره فِي النُّون (إِنْ شاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى) .
وَمِمَّا يسْتَدرك عَلَيْهِ:
الصُّبَارَةُ من السَّحَابِ كالصَّبِيرِ.
وصَبَرَهُ: أَوْثَقَه.
وأَصْبَرَهُ القَاضِي: أَقَصَّهُ من خَصْمِه.
وَفِي الحَدِيث: (وإِنَّ عندَ رِجْلَيْهِ قَرَظاً مَصْبُوراً) ، أَي مجموعاً قد جُعِلَ صُبْرَةً كصُبْرَة الطَّعَامِ.
وَفِي الحَدِيث: (من فَعَلَ كَذَا وَكَذَا كَانَ لَهُ خَيْراً من صَبِيرٍ ذَهَباً) ، قَالُوا: هُوَ اسمُ جَبَلٍ باليَمَن، وَفِي بعض الرّوايات: (مثل صِير) بالصَّاد الْمَكْسُورَة والتحتيّة، وَهُوَ جَبَلٌ لطَيِّىءٍ، قَالَ ابنُ الأَثير: جاءَت هاذِه الكلمةُ فِي حَدِيثَيْن لعَلِيَ ومُعَاذٍ، أَما حَدِيث عليّ فَهُوَ: صِيرٌ، وأَما رِوَايَة مُعَاذٍ: فصَبِيرٌ، قَالَ: كَذَا فَرَّق بَينهمَا بعضُهُم، قلت: وسيأْتي فِي صير.
وَفِي الحَدِيث: (نَهَى عَن صَبْرِ ذِي الرُّوحِ) ، وَهُوَ الخِصَاءُ.
وَمن المَجاز: صَبَرْتُ يَمِينَه، إِذا حَلَّفْتَه جَهْدَ القَسَمِ، ويَمِينٌ مَصْبُورَةٌ، وبَدَنِي لَا يَصْبِرُ على البَرْدِ وهاذَا شَجَرٌ لَا يَضُرُّهُ البَرْدُ. وَهُوَ صابِرٌ عَلَيْهِ، وَهُوَ أَصْبَرُ على الضَّرْبِ من الأَرْضِ. كَذَا فِي الأَساس.
والصّابُورَةُ: مَا يُوضَعُ فِي بَطْنِ المَرْكبِ من الثِّقْلِ.
والصّابِرُ: لَقَبُ عليِّ ابْن أُخْتِ الشيخِ فَرِيدِ الدّينِ العمريّ أَحد مشايِخ الجشية، صَاحب التآليفِ والكرامات.
ولقبُ عَليِّ بنِ عَليِّ بنِ أَحْمَدَ الشَّرْنُوبِيّ، جَدِّ شيخِنا يُوسُفَ بنِ عليَ أَحدِ شُيوخنا فِي البرهمانيَّة.
والصُّبَيْرَةُ، مُصَغَّراً: ناحِيَةٌ شامِيّة.
وَبلا لَام: موضِعٌ آخر.
وَالْقَاضِي أَبو بَكْر مُحَمَّدُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمانِ بنِ صُبْر البغداديّ، بالضَّمِّ، فقيهٌ حنفيٌ، مَاتَ سنة 380.
وَفِي تَمِيمٍ: صُبَيْرَةُ بنُ يَرْبُوع بنِ حَنْظَلَةَ، قَالَ ابنُ الكَلْبِيّ: مِنْهُم قَطَنُ بنُ رَبِيعَةَ بنِ أَبي سَلمَةَ بن صُبَيْرَة شاعرُ بني يَرْبُوع.
وَمن شيوخِ أَبي عُبَيْدَة رَيّانُ الصُّبَيْرِيّ.

رسل

1 رَسِلَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. رَسَلٌ and رَسَالَ, He (a camel) was, or became, easy in pace. (M, K.) b2: Also, aor. ـَ inf. n. رَسَلٌ (Az, Az, Msb, K) and رَسَالَةٌ, as above, (Az, Az, K,) It (hair) became lank, not crisp; (Msb, K;) and so ↓ استرسل: (S, K:) or lank and pendent: (Msb:) or long, and lank or pendent. (Az, Az, Msb.) لَا يَجِبُ مِنَ البِّحْيَةِ ↓ غَسْلُ مَا اسْتَرْسَلَ means [The washing] of what hangs down, and descends, [of the beard,] from the chin [is not requisite, or necessary, or incumbent]. (Mgh.) A2: [Golius says, as on the authority of the KL, that رَسَلَ signifies Nuncium misit: but what I find in the KL is, that رَسُولٌ, as an inf. n., signifies the bringing a message (پيغام بردن) : whence it seems that رَسَلَ means he brought a message.]2 تَرْسِيلٌ, in reading, or reciting, (Msb, K,) i. q. تَرْتِيلٌ; (K, TA;) i. e. (TA) Easy [or leisurely] utterance; without haste: (Yz, Msb, TA:) or, as some say, with consecution of the parts, or portions: (TA:) and ↓ تَرَسُّلٌ therein signifies the same: (Yz, Msb:) or فِى ↓ تَرَسَّلَ قِرّآءَتِهِ signifies he proceeded in a leisurely manner in his reading, or reciting, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) and was grave, staid, sedate, or calm, (Mgh,) and endeavoured to understand, without raising his voice much. (TA.) It is said in a trad., كَانَ فِى كَلَامِهِ تَرْسِيلٌ i. e. تَرْتِيلٌ [There was in his (Mohammad's) speech an easy, or a leisurely, utterance]. (TA.) And in another trad. it is said, وَإِذَا أَقَمْتَ فَاحْذِمْ ↓ إذَا أَذَّنْتَ فَتَرَسَّلْ [expl. in art. حذم]. (Mgh.) A2: See also 4, last sentence but one.

A3: رَسَّلْتُ فُصْلَانِى, inf. n. تَرْسِيلٌ, I gave to drink [to my young camels, or my young weaned camels,] رِسْل (K, TA,) i. e. milk. (TA.) 3 راسلهُ (S, MA,) inf. n. مُرَاسَلَةٌ, (S,) He sent a message, and a letter, or an epistle, to him, (MA, PS,) the latter doing the like: (PS:) [he interchanged messages, and letters, with him.] Yousay, راسلهُ فِى كَذَا [He interchanged messages, or letters, with him, in relation to such a thing]: and بَيْنَهُمَا مُرَاسَلَاتٌ [Between them two are interchanges of messages, or of letters]. (TA.) and هَىَ تُرَاسِلُ الخُطَّابَ [She interchanges messages, or letters, with those who demand women in marriage]. (M, K.) And تُرَاسِلُهُ بِالخُطَّابِ [She interchanges messages, or letters, with him by means of those who demand women in marriage]. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] راسلهُ فِى نِضَالٍ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ [He acted interchangeably, or alternated, with him in a competition in shooting, or in some other performance]. (S.) And راسلهُ فِى الغِنَآءِ, and العَمَلِ, He relieved him, or aided him, in singing, and in work, [by alternating with him, i. e.,] in the former case, by taking up the strain when the latter was unable to continue it [so as to accomplish the cadence (see 6)], and in the latter case by taking up the work when the latter person was unable to continue it; or he so relieved, or aided, him in singing with a high voice: or راسلهُ فِى عَمَلِهِ he aided him, [or relieved him, by alternating with him,] or he followed him, or imitated him, in his work: (IAar, Msb:) and راسلهُ الغِنَآءَ he emulated him, or imitated him, [by alternating with him,] in the singing. (TA.) And راسلهُ فِى

القِرَآءَة He aided him, or assisted him, [or relieved him, by alternating with him,] in the reading, or reciting, of the Kur-án &c. (MA.) 4 إِرْسَالٌ signifies The act of sending. (K, KL, &c.) Thus is explained إِرْسَالُ اللّٰهِ أَنْبِيَآءَهُ [i. e. God's sending his prophets.] (Th, TA.) You say, ↓ أَرْسَلْتُ فُلَانًا فِى رِسَالَةٍ (S) I sent such a one with a message. (PS.) And ↓ ارسل إِلَيْهِ رَسُولًا (MA, Msb *) He sent to him a message, or a letter, (MA,) or a messenger. (Msb.) b2: [The act of sending forth, or starting, a horse for a race: the discharging a thing; as, for instance, an arrow from a bow; and water, or the like, from a vessel &c. in which it was confined: the launching forth a ship or boat; letting it go; letting it take its course:] the act of setting loose or free; letting loose; loosing, unbinding, or liberating. (K.) You say ارسل الشَّىْءَ He set loose or free, &c., the thing. (M.) And أَرْسَلْتُ الطَّائِرَ مِنْ يَدِى I let go, or let loose, the bird from my hand. (Msb.) And [hence,] ارسل الحُرُوفَ [He uttered the letters]. (Mgh in art. رتل.) And ارسل الغِنَآءَ [He uttered the song; he sang]. (TA.) and ارسل الإِقَامَةَ [He chanted the اقامة]. (Msb in art. درج. [See أَدْرَجَ.]) And ارسل عَلَيْهِ لِسَانَهُ [(assumed tropical:) He let loose his tongue against him]. (A in art. برد.) and ارسل الكَلَامَ (assumed tropical:) He made the speech, or language, to be unrestricted. (Msb.) [In like manner,] إِرْسَالٌ signifies also (assumed tropical:) The making a thing, such as property, and a legacy, absolute, or unrestricted. (Mgh.) b3: [The act of letting down, letting fall, or making to hang down, the hair &c. You say, ارسلهُ, and ارسلهُ مِنْ أَعْلَى إِلَى أَسْفَلَ, He let it down, &c., or lowered it.] b4: (assumed tropical:) The act of leaving, leaving alone, or neglecting, (M, K,) a thing. (M.) [Hence,] one says, ارسلهُ عَنْ يَدِهِ (tropical:) He left, forsook, or deserted, him; or he abstained from, or neglected, aiding him, or assisting him. (TA.) b5: Also The act of making to have dominion, or authority, and power; making to have, or exercise, absolute dominion or sovereignty or rule, or absolute superiority of power or force; or giving power, or superior power or force. (M, K.) Hence, in the Kur [xix. 86], أَرْسَلْنَا الشَّيَاطِينَ عَلَى

الكَافِرِينَ تَؤُزُّهُمْ أَزًّا, i. e. [We have made the devils to have dominion, &c., over the unbelievers, inciting them strongly to acts of disobedience; or] we have appointed, or prepared, the devils for the unbelievers, because of their unbelief; like as is said in the same [xliii. 35], نُقَيِّضْ لَهُ شَيْطَانًا [“ We will appoint, or prepare, for him a devil ” as an associate]: this is the preferred explanation: [or it may be well rendered we have sent the devils against the unbelievers:] some say that the meaning is, we have left the devils to do as they please with the unbelievers, not withholding them, or preserving them, from acceptance from them. (Zj, M.) A2: ارسلوا [from رِسْلٌ] They had milk in their cattle: (S:) or their milk became much; as also ↓ رسّلوا, inf. n. تَرْسِيلٌ: (K:) or the latter signifies their milk and drink became much. (TA.) b2: Also [from رَسَلٌ] They became possessors of herds or flocks. (O, K. *) 5 ترسّل He acted, or behaved, gently, and deliberately, or leisurely, (M, K, TA,) and with gravity, staidness, sedateness, or calmness. (TA.) التَّرَسُّلُ فِى الأُمُورِ is The acting, or behaving, [gently, and] deliberately, or leisurely, and with gravity, staidness, sedateness, or calmness, in affairs. (TA.) See also 2, in three places. b2: التَّرَسُّلُ in riding is The extending one's legs upon the beast so as to let, or make, his clothes hang down loosely upon his legs: and in sitting, the crossing one's legs, and letting, or making, his clothes hang down loosely upon them and around him. (TA.) A2: ترسّلا بَيْنَ الــقَوْمِ [He acted as a رَسُول (or messenger) between the people]. (Msb and TA in art. الك.) 6 تراسلوا They sent, one to another, (MA, Msb, TA,) a message [or messages], (MA, Msb,) or a messenger [or messengers]. (Msb.) b2: Hence, تراسلوا فِى الغِنَآءِ [They relieved, or aided, one another alternately in singing;] i. e. they combined in singing, one beginning, and prolonging his voice, but being unable to continue long enough to accomplish the cadence, and therefore pausing, and another then taking up the strain, and then the first returning to the modulation, and so on to the end. (Msb.) لَا تَرَاسُلَ فِى الأَذَانِ means[in like manner] There shall be no relieving, or aiding, one another [alternately], i. e., no combining [of two or more persons, each performing a part alternately], in the chanting of the call to prayer. (Msb.) [In other cases likewise]

التَّرَاسُلُ signifies The doing the like of that which one's companion, or fellow, [or another,] does, in such a manner as that one follows another [alternately]. (Har p. 268.) 10 استرسل It (a thing) was, or became, loose, or slack; syn. سَلِسَ. (M, TA.) b2: Said of hair: see 1, in two places. [In like manner said of a tree, &c., It drooped; or was pendent. Said of a cheek, (to which its part. n. مُسْتَرْسِلٌ is applied as an epithet in the K voce أَسِيلٌ,) It was, or became, lank.] b3: الاِسْتِرْسَالُ in the pace of a beast is The going gently, deliberately, or leisurely. (TA.) [And you say, استرسلت الدَّابَّةٌ The beast went a gentle, deliberate, or leisurely, pace.]

b4: Also, [in other cases,] The being still, and steady. (TA.) b5: Hence, (TA,) استرسل إِلَيْهِ (tropical:) He acted, or behaved, towards him with freedom, boldness, forwardness, or presumptuousness, and with familiarity; syn. اِنْبَسَطَ, and اِسْتَأْنَسَ; (S, K, TA;) and was at ease, and confided in him, with respect to that which he told him: (TA:) or he acted forwardly, or impudently, towards him: he acted forwardly, impudently, freely, or familiarly, towards him, in the way of coquetry, or feigned disdain. (MA.) b6: And استرسل الدَّهْرُ فِيهِمْ فَأَفْنَاهُمْ [(assumed tropical:) Fate made free with them, and destroyed them]. (TA in art. بهل) A2: Also He said, Send thou to me the camels in droves (أَرْسَالًا [in the CK, erroneously, اِرْسالًا]); (K, TA;) ارسالا being with fet-h to the hemzeh; i. e. drove after drove: for the camels, when they come to the water, are numerous; and their tender brings them to the watering-trough thus; not all together, as in this case they would press together upon the watering-trough and not satisfy their thirst. (TA.) رَسْلٌ Easy; applied to a pace. (M, K.) b2: Easy in pace; applied to a he-camel: fem. with ة: (S, M, K:) or soft, or gentle, in pace; applied to a he-camel and to a she-camel: (Msb:) and ↓ مِرْسَالٌ, also, applied to a she-camel, has the former of these significations; and its pl. is مَرَاسِيلُ: (S, K:) or this pl. signifies light, or active, she-camels, that give thee what they have to give spontaneously; and رَسْلَةٌ is applied to one thereof: a she-camel is termed ↓ مِرْسَالٌ as being likened to the arrow thus called. (TA.) b3: Soft, and lax, or flaccid: [app. applied to a he-camel; for it is added,] one says نَاقَةٌ رَسْلَةٌ القَوَائِمِ, meaning A she-camel loose, or slack, [in the legs, and] soft in the joints [thereof]. (TA. [See also another meaning assigned to this phrase in what follows.]) b4: Applied to hair, i. q. ↓ مُسْتَرْسِلٌ; (S, K; in the CK مُرْسَل;) which means Lank; not crisp: (Mgh, Msb: [and so accord. to an explanation of استرسل in the S and K:]) or lank and pendent: (Msb:) or long, and lank or pendent. (Az, Az, Msb.) b5: And رَسْلَةٌ, (M,) or رَسْلَةُ القَوائِمِ, [of which see an explanation in what precedes,] (L, TA,) and ↓ مِرْسَالٌ, applied to a she-camel, (M, L, TA,) Having much hair, (M,) or much and long hair, (L, TA,) upon her shanks, or hind legs (فِى سَاقِيْهَا): (M, L, TA:) but in the K, رَسْلَةٌ and ↓ مُرَاسِلٌ [not مِرْسَالٌ] are explained as epithets applied to a woman, meaning having much and long hair upon her shanks. (TA.) b6: Also sing. of ↓ رِسَالٌ, (TA,) which signifies The legs of a camel: (Az, S, K, TA:) so called because of their length. (Az, TA.) A2: See also مُرَاسِلٌ.

A3: And see the paragraph here next following.

رِسْلٌ Gentleness; and a deliberate, or leisurely, manner of acting or behaving; as also ↓ رِسْلَةٌ; (M, K;) [and perhaps ↓ رَسْلٌ and ↓ رَسْلَةٌ; for] one says اِفْعَلْ كَذَا وَكَذَا عَلَى رِسْلِكَ (S, Mgh, * Msb, * CK * [but not in my MS. copy of the K nor in the copies used by SM]) and رَسْلِكَ and رَسْلَتِكَ, (CK, [but likewise wanting in MS. copies of the K,]) i. e. [Do thou such and such things] at thine ease; (Msb;) or act thou gently, deliberately, or leisurely, (S, Mgh, K, *) in doing such and such things; like as one says, عَلَى هِينَتِكَ. (S.) Sakhr-el-Ghei says, when despairing of his companions' overtaking him, his enemies surrounding him, and he feeling sure of slaughter, (M,) لَوْ أَنَّ حَوْلِى مِنْ قُرَيْمٍ رَجْلَا بِيضَ الوَجُوهِ يَحْمِلُونَ النَّبْلَا

لَمَنَعُونِى نَجْدَةً أَوْ رِسْلَا (Skr, M, *) i. e. [If there were around me, of the family of Kureym, men on foot, fair in the faces (app. meant tropically), bearing arrows, they would defend me] by violent means or by gentle means: (Skr:) or with fighting or without fighting. (M.) [See also a phrase cited from a trad. in what follows of this paragraph.] One says also, ↓ جَاؤُوا رِسْلَةً رِسْلَةً They came company by company. (M.) b2: And A soft, gentle, saying or speech. (TA.) A2: Also Milk, (S, M, K,) of whatever sort it be: (M, K:) or, accord. to the Towsheeh, fresh milk. (TA.) One says, كَثُرَ الرِّسْلُ العَامَ, meaning Milk has become abundant this year: and the people of the desert assert that, when this is the case, dates are few; and that, when dates are abundant, milk is scarce. (TA.) b2: It is said in a trad. [respecting the giving of the poor-rate], إِلَّا مَنْ أَعْطَى فِى نَجْدَتِهَا وَرِسْلِهَا, (S, TA,) which is explained in two different ways: (TA:) [J says that] it is from رِسْلٌ in the sense first explained above; meaning straitness and plenty; i. e. Except him who gives when they are fat and goodly, when it is difficult, or hard, to their owner to give them forth, and when they are lean, [or] in a middling condition: (S:) and A'Obeyd says the like; and that it is similar to the saying, قَالَ فُلَانٌ كَذَا عَمَّا رِسْلِهِ, meaning Such a one said such a thing holding it (the saying) in light estimation: others say that it is from رِسْلٌ signifying “ milk; ” which A'Obeyd disallows: IAth says that what is meant by نجدة is straitness and drought or barrenness or dearth; and by رسل, plenty, and abundance of herbage or the like; because رسل, i. e. milk, is plentiful only in the case of abundance of herbage; so that the meaning is, except him who gives forth the due of God in the case of straitness and in that of plenty. (TA.) A3: The رِسْلَانِ of a horse are The extremities of the عَضُدَانِ [or two arms]. (M, K. *) رَسَلٌ Camels: (M, K:) thus expl. by A'Obeyd, without any epithet: (M:) or a drove, or herd, or a distinct collection or number, of camels, (S, M, * Msb, K,) and of sheep or goats, (S, K,) accord. to ISk from ten to twenty-five, (TA,) or the رَسَل of the watering-trough is at least ten, and extending to twenty-five; and the word is masc. and fem.; (M;) and also (assumed tropical:) of horses or horsemen; (S;) applied to (tropical:) a company of men (Mgh, Msb) as being likened to a drove, or herd, of camels: (Msb:) and also a distinct collection or number of any things: (M, K:) pl. أَرْسَالٌ. (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K.) A rájiz says, يَا ذَائِدَيْهَا خَوِّصَا بِأَرْسَالْ وَلَا تَذُودَاهَا ذِيَادَ الضُّلَّالْ

[O ye two drivers of them, water some before others, by droves, and drive them not with the driving of those who err from the right way]: (S, TA:) i. e. bring near your camels some after some, and do not let them crowd upon the water-ing-trough. (TA.) And one says, جَآءَتِ الإِبِلُ رَسَلًا The camels came [in a drove, or] following one another. (IAmb, TA.) And جَآءَتِ الخَيْلُ أَرْسَالًا, i. e. (assumed tropical:) [The horses, or horsemen, came] in successive distinct companies. (S, TA.) And جَاءُوا أَرْسَالًا (tropical:) They (men) came in successive companies. (Msb. [And the like is said in the Mgh and in the TA.]) وَقِيرٌ كَثِيرُ الرَّسَلِ قَلِيلُ الرِّسْلِ, occurring in a trad. relating to a drought, is said by IKt to mean [A collection of sheep or goats] of which many were sent to the pasture, i. e. many in number, but having little milk but the more probable explanation of كثير الرسل is that of El-'Odhree, who says that it means much dispersed in search of pasture: for the trad. relates that the camels had died, notwithstanding their ability to endure drought: how then should the sheep or goats be safe, and increase so as to become numerous? (IAth, TA.) b2: Also Animals, or beasts, having milk. (M, TA.) رُسُلٌ A young girl, that has not worn the [muffler, or veil, called] خَمَار. (K.) A2: Also a pl. of رَسُولٌ. (S, M, &c.) رَسْلَةٌ A soft, or delicate condition of life: you say, هُمْ فِى رَسْلَةٍ مِنَ العَيْشِ They are in a soft, or delicate, condition of life. (M.) b2: and Heaviness, sluggishness, laziness, or indolence: (M, K:) you say رَجُلٌ فِيهِ رَسْلَةٌ A man in whom is heaviness, &c. (M.) b3: See also رِسْلٌ, first sentence.

رِسْلَةٌ: see رِسْلٌ, in two places.

رِسَالٌ: see رَسْلٌ (of which it is the pl.), near the end of the paragraph: A2: and see also مُرَاسِلٌ.

رَسُولٌ i. q. رِسَالَةٌ: (S, M, K:) see the latter, in five places. b2: Hence, as meaning ذُو رَسُولٍ, i. e. ذُو رِسَالَةٍ [One who has a message; i. e. a messenger]; (TA;) i. q. ↓ مُرْسَلٌ, (S, M, K,) meaning one sent with a message; (S;) of the measure فَعُولٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ [or rather مُفْعَلٌ]: (Msb:) [and often meaning an apostle of God; and with the article ال especially applied to Mohammad:] accord. to IAmb, its meaning in the proper language of the Arabs is one who carries on by consecutive progressions the relation of the tidings of him who has sent him; taken from the phrase جَآءَتِ الإِبِلُ رَسَلًا, meaning “ The camels came following one another: ” and the saying of the Muëdhdhin, أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللّٰه means I know [or acknowledge] and declare that Mohammad is the relater by consecutive progressions of the tidings from God: (TA:) [or, as commonly understood, I testify that Mohammad is the apostle of God:] a رَسُول is also called ↓ مِرْسَالٌ, as being likened to the arrow thus termed: (TA:) the pl. of رَسُولٌ is رُسُلٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and رُسْلٌ (S, Msb) and رُسَلَآءٌ, (M, K,) which last is from IAar, (M,) or Fr, (Sgh,) and أَرْسُلٌ, (M, K,) which [is a pl. of pauc., and] occurs in the saying of the Hudhalee, لَوْكَانَ فِى قَلْبِى كَقَدْرِ قُلَامَةٍ

حُبًا لِغَيْرِكِ قَدْ أَتَاهَا أَرْسُلِى

[Had there been in my heart as much as a nailparing of love for another than thee, my messengers (or, accord. to the TA, app., my messages) had come to her]: respecting which IJ says that he has given to رَسُولٌ this form of pl., which is [regularly] proper to feminines [of this class of words, consisting of four letter whereof the third is a letter of prolongation], such as أَتَانٌ and عَنَاقٌ and عُقَابٌ, because women are meant thereby, as they, generally, are the persons required to serve in cases of this kind: (M:) [for] رَسُولٌ is applied without variation to a male and a female, and to one [and to two] and to a pl. number; (S, M, Msb, K;) sometimes: (M:) i. e., it is allowable thus to apply it: (Msb:) hence, (S, K,) in the Kur [xxvi. 15], (S,) إِنَّا رَسُولُ رَبِّ العَالَمِينَ [Verily we are the apostles of the Lord of the beings of the whole world]: (S, K:) MF says, in ch. xx. [verse 49], we find إِنَّا رَسُولَا رَبِّكَ [Verily we are the two apostles of thy Lord]; the dual form being here used: and Z says, in the Ksh, that in this instance it means the messengers, and therefore the dual form is necessarily used; but in ch. xxvi. it means the message, and therefore it is allowable to use it alike, when applying it as an epithet, as sing. and dual and pl.: Aboo-Is-hak the Grammarian says that the meaning here is, إِنَّا رِسَالَةٌ رَبِّ العَالَمِينَ, i. e. ذَوُو رِسالَةِ [Verily we are those that have the message &c.]: (TA:) [but] رَسُولٌ [as meaning a messenger] is like عَدُوٌّ and صَديقٌ [&c.] in its being used alike as masc. and fem. and sing. [and dual] and pl.: (Sgh, TA:) Aboo-Dhu-eyb uses it in the sense of رُسُل in his saying, أَلِكْنِى إِلَيْهَا وَخَيْرُ الرَّسُو لِ أَعْلَمُهُمْ بِنَوَاحِى الخَبَرْ [Be thou my messenger to her: and the best of messengers is the most knowing of them in respect of the bounds, or limits, of the tidings]. (M.) See 4. The saying in the Kur [xxv. 39], وَــقَوْمَ نُوحٍ لَمَّ كَذَّبُوا الرُّسُلَ أَغْرَقْنَاهُمْ [lit. And the people of Noah, when they charged with lying the apostles, we drowned them], Zj says, may mean that they charged with lying Noah alone; for he who charges with lying a prophet charges therewith all the prophets, since they believe in God and in all his apostles; or the general term may be here used as meaning one; like as when you say, أَنْتَ مِمَّنْ يُنْفِقُ الدَّرَاهِمَ, meaning “ Thou art of those who expend the kind of things termed دراهم. ” (M.) b3: One says also, السِّهَامُ رُسُلُ المَنَايَا (tropical:) [Arrows are the messengers of death, or of the decrees of death]. (TA.) b4: See also the next paragraph.

رَسِيلٌ Easy: occurring in the saying of Jubeyhà El-Asadee, وَقُمْتُ رَسِيلًا بِالَّذِى جَآءَ يَبْتَغِى

إِلَيْهِ بَلِيجَ الوَجْهِ لَسْتُ بِبَاسِرِ [And I undertook, or managed, with ease, that which he came seeking to obtain; bright in countenance to him: I was not frowning]. (TA.) A2: Also A stallion-camel (K, * TA) of the Arabian race, that is sent among the شَوْل [or she-camels that have passed seven or eight months since the period of their bringing forth] in order that he may leap them: one says, هٰذَا رَسِيلُ بَنِى فُلَانٍ

This is the stallion of the camels of the sons of such a one: and أَرْسَلَ بَنُو فُلَانٍ رَسِيلَهُمْ [The sons of such a one sent the stallion of their camels]: as though it were of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure مُفْعَلٌ, from أَرْسَلَ. (TA.) b2: and accord. to some, A horse that is started with another in a race. (Har p. 544.) b3: [In the CK and in a MS. copy of the K, voce عَمُودٌ, it occurs as though meaning The scout, or emissary, or perhaps the advanced guard, of an army: but in other copies of the K, in this instance, accord. to the TA, and in the L, the word is رَئِيس.] b4: I. q. ↓ مُرَاسِلٌ [as meaning one who interchanges messages or letters with another: see 3]. (S, K.) b5: The person who stands with thee (المُوَاقِفُ لَكَ [in the K (in which this explanation is erroneously assigned to ↓ رَسُولٌ) المُوَافِقُ لَكَ in a competition in shooting and the like: (M:) [i. e.] رَسِيلُ الرَّجُلِ signifies he who stands with the man, (يَقِفُ مَعَهُ, Har p. 544,) or he who acts interchangeably, or alternates, with the man, (يُرَاسِلُهُ, S,) in a competition in shooting, or in some other performance. (S and Har.) And, as also ↓ مُرَاسِلٌ, One who relieves, or aids, another, in singing and in work, [by alternating with him, i. e.,] in the former case, by taking up the strain when the other is unable to continue it [so as to accomplish the cadence (see 6)], and in the latter case by taking up the work when the other is unable to continue it; or one who so relieves, or aids, another in singing with a high voice; i. q. مُتَالٍ: or one who aids another, [or relieves him, by alternating with him,] or who follows him, or imitates him, in his work. (IAar, Msb.) One says, هُوَ رَسِيلُهُ فِى الغِنَآءِ وَنَحْوِهِ [He is the person who relieves him, or aids him, by alternating with him, in singing and the like thereof]. (TA.) b6: See also رِسَالَةٌ, in two places.

A3: Also Wide, or ample. (K.) b2: A thing little in quantity, or incomplete: الشَّىْءُ اللَّطِيفُ in the copies of the K should be الشَّىْءُ الطَّفِيفُ, as in the Moheet (TA.) b3: and Sweet water. (K.) رَسَالَةٌ: see the next paragraph.

رِسَالَةٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and ↓ رَسَالَةٌ (M, K) and ↓ رَسُولٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and ↓ رَسِيلٌ (Th, M, K) signify the same, (S, M, Msb, K,) A message; and a letter; (MA in explanation of the first, and KL in explanation of the first and third;) [a communication sent from one person or party to another, oral or written;] substs. from أَرْسَلَ

إِلَيْهِ: (M, K: *) the pl. of the first is رَسَائِلُ; (Msb;) and أَرْسُلٌ is pl. of ↓ رَسُولٌ in the sense of رِسَالَةٌ, and of the fem. gender. (TA. [See the former of the two verses cited voce رَسُولٌ.]) Yousay, أَرْسَلْتُ فُلَانًا فِى رِسَالَةٍ: (S:) and أَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِ

↓ رَسُولًا: (MA:) see 4. A poet says, (S,) namely El-Ash'ar El-Joafee, (TA,) ↓ أَلَا أَبْلغْ أَبَا عَمْرٍو رَسُولًا بِأَنِّى عَنْ فُتَاحَتِكُمْ غَنِىُّ [Now deliver thou to Aboo-' Amr a message, saying that I am in no need of your judging]: (S:) or بَنِى عَمْرٍو [the sons of ' Amr]: he means, عَنْ حُكْمكُمْ. (TA.) And hence the saying of Kutheiyir, لَقَدْ كَذَبَ الوَاشُونَ مَا بُحْتُ عِنْدَهُمْ

↓ بِسِرٍّ وَلَا أَرْسَلْتُهُمْ بِرَسُولِ [Assuredly the slanderers have lied: I revealed not in their presence a secret, nor did I send them with a message]: (S, TA:) or, as some relate the second hemistich, (TA,) ↓ بِلَيْلَى وَلَا أَرْسَلْتُهُمْ بِرَسِيلِ [i. e. I revealed not the case of Leyla, nor did I send them with a message]: thus cited by Th. (M, TA.) b2: رِسَالَةٌ also signifies [A tract, or small treatise or discourse;] a مَجَلَّة [i. e. book, or writing, relating to science, or on any subject.] comprising a few questions, inquiries, or problems, of one kind: pl. رَسَائِلُ. (TA.) b3: And Apostleship; the apostolic office or function. (MA.) b4: أُمُّ رِسَالَةَ [in a copy of the K أُمُّ رِسَالَةٍ] The رَخَمَة [or female of the vultur percnopterus, in the CK رَحْمَة]: (M, K, TA:) a surname thereof. (TA.) الرُّسَيْلَى A certain small beast or reptile or insect; expl. by the word دُوَيْبَّةٌ: (M, K, TA:) in [some of] the copies of the K, erroneously, الرُّسَيْلَآءُ. (TA.) رُسَيْلَاتٌ dim. of رسلات [i. e. رِسَلَاتٌ] pl. of رِسْلٌ [or rather of its syn. رِسْلَةٌ]: hence the saying, (TA,) أَلْقَى الكَلَامَ عَلَى رُسَيْلَاتِهِ, i. e. He held the saying, or speech, in light, or little, or mean, estimation; or in contempt. (M, K, TA.) الرَّاسِلَانِ The two shoulder-blades: or two veins therein: (M, K:) he who says that they are two veins in the two hands, (K,) pointing to what is found in the copies of the Mj of IF, [in which فِى الكَفَّيْنِ is put in the place of فى الكَتِفِيْنِ,] (TA,) is in error: (K:) or the وَابِلَتَانِ [q. v., a word variously explained]: (M, TA:) in the copies of the K, الرَّابِلَتَانِ is erroneously put for الوَابِلَتَانِ. (TA.) مُرْسَلٌ: see رَسُولٌ, second sentence. b2: Applied to a tradition (حَدِيثٌ), it means (assumed tropical:) Of which the ascription is not traced up so as to reach to its author: (Msb:) [i.e.] الأَحَادِيثُ المُرْسَلَةُ means the traditions which one relates as on the authority of a تَابِعِىّ, (K TA,) by tracing up the ascription thereof uninterruptedly to him, (TA,) when the تابعىّ says, “The Apostle of God (May God bless and save him) said,” without mentioning a صَحَابِىّ (K, TA) who heard it from the Apostle of God: (TA: [and the like is said in the Mgh:]) مَرَاسِيلُ is the [pl. or] quasi-pl. n. of مُرْسَلٌ thus used, [or rather used as a subst., or as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. is predominant,] like as مَنَاكِيرُ is of مُنْكَرٌ. (Mgh.) b3: In lexicology, it means, like مُنْقَطِعٌ, (assumed tropical:) That of which the series of transmitters is interrupted: as a word &c. handed down by IDrd as on the authority of Az [with whom he was not contemporary, without his mentioning the intermediate transmitters]: and such is not admitted [as unquestionable]; because exactness is a condition of the admission of what is transmitted, and the exactness of him who is not mentioned is not known. (Mz 4th نوع.) b4: مَجَازٌ مُرْسَلٌ: see art. جوز. b5: [See also the next paragraph.]

مُرْسَلَةٌ A قِلَادَة [or necklace], (M,) or a long قلادة, (IDrd, O, K,) that falls upon the bosom: (IDrd, M, O, K:) or a قلادة upon which are beads &c. (Yz, O, K.) b2: As used in the Kur [lxxvii. 1], (M,) المُرْسَلَاتُ means The winds (S, M, K, TA) that are sent forth, [by عُرْفًا, which follows it, being meant consecutively,] like [the several portions of] the mane of the horse: (TA:) or the angels [so sent forth]: (Th, S, M, K, TA:) or the horses (M, K, TA) that are started, [one following another,] in the racecourse. (TA.) مِرْسَالٌ One who sends the morsel [that he eats] into his fauces: or who throws forth the branch from his hand, (O, K,) when he goes in a place of trees, (O,) in order that he may hurt his companion. (O, K.) b2: A short arrow: (S, O:) or a small arrow. (K.) b3: See also رَسْلٌ, in three places. b4: And see رَسُولٌ.

مُرَاسِلٌ: see رَسْلٌ.

A2: See also رَسِيلٌ, in two places. b2: Also A woman who interchanges messages, or letters, with the men who demand women in marriage: or whose husband has become separated from her (M, K, TA) in any manner, (M, TA,) by his having died or his having divorced her: (TA:) or who has become advanced in age, (M, K, TA,) but has in her some remains of youth: (M, TA:) or whose husband has died, or who has perceived that he desires to divorce her, and who therefore adorns herself for another man, and interchanges messages, or letters, with him (S, K, * TA) by means of the men who demand women in marriage, (TA,) and who has in her some remains (K, TA) of youth; but this addition is more properly mentioned in a former explanation. (TA.) The subst. [app. meaning The state, or condition, of a woman such as is thus termed] is ↓ رِسَالٌ. (M, TA.) مُسْتَرْسِلٌ: see رَسْلٌ.

A2: مُسْتَرْسِلٌ لِلْمَوْتِ i. q. مُسْتَميتٌ and مُسْتَقْتلٌ [i. e. Seeking, or courting, death or slaughter; resigning, or subjecting, himself to death, and not caring for death]. (A and TA in art. موت.)

رسل: رَسَّل (بالتشديد): ذكرت في معجم فوك في مادة spistola وهي تعني كتب رسائل رسمية بكلام مرسل من غير سجع أو بقليل من السجع حسب التعريف الذي نجده في المقدمة (3: 324). غير أنها تعني أيضاً: كتب رسائل رسمية بكلام مسجوع، انظر (عباد 1: 6 رقم 23، معجم البيان، حيان ص35 ق، تاريخ البربر 1: 429، 445، 540)، ومن هذا: الترسيل وهو ملكة كتابة هذه الرسائل (تاريخ البربر 1: 420). أرسل: بعث، يبحث. ويقال: أرسل عن فلان (انظر رسالة إلى فليشر ص38 حول استعمال أرسل عن). وفي حيّان - بسام (1: 10و): وكان قد بادَرَ في الإرسال عن جماعة من وزرائه (ص30 ق).
وأرسل الصائد: أثار الحيوانات المتوحشة التي لونها الشقرة أو الصحرة كالظباء والأيائل والأسود من مكمنها (معجم الطرائف).
تَرسَّل: تبادل الرُسُل، تبادل السفراء (المقري 1: 511).
تَرسَّل: تدل على نفس معنى رَسَّل الذي ذكرته من قبل (فوك، عباد 1: 7 رقم 23، الفخري ص388، ميرسخ ص6)، وفي النويري (أفريقية ص30 و): تعلَّم الخطَّ والترسَّل.
تراسل الــقوم: أرسل بعضهم إلى بعض رسائل (بوشر، فوك في مادة epistola) .
استرسل، مسترسلاً: متهاوناً، متغافلاً (المقري 2: 417).
استرسل: انهمك، انبسط. ففي المقري (2: 800): قد استرسل في اللَّذات وركن إلى الراحات، وانظر (2: 832). وفي المقدمة (2: 260): الانهماك في الشهوات واسترسال فيها. وفي كتاب الخطيب (ص18 ق): يسترسل في إطلاق عنان النادرة الحارَّة في مجالس حُكْمِه.
استرسل على وفي: ثابر على، استمر في، تمادى في، واظب على (فوك).
استرسل: أصيب بالزحار، تزحّر. ففي معجم المنصوري: خراطة هو ما ينجرد من المِعَي عند الاسترسال.
رَسْب ورُسْل ورُسُل (فوك) تجمع على أَرْسال ورُسُول: رَسُول، سفير (رسالة إلى السيد فلايشر ص73 - 74).
رَسْلَة: رويداً رويداً، بتأنٍّ (فوك).
رَسُول: حواري، مبشر (بوشر).
َسُول: ضابط مكلف بتنفيذ أحكام القضاء. ويوجد أيضاً ضباط تابعون له ملحقون بالمدرسة (مملوك 2، 1: 270).
رسول محكمة: مُرْسل المحكمة (ضابط) (بوشر).
رَسِيل: زميل، رفيق (بيان 2: 270).
رِسالة: هدية ترسل إلى شخص. ففي رياض النفوس (ص57 ق): أتبيعني هاتين السمكتين؟ لا حتى ولو دفعت فيهما ديناراً لأنهما معي رسالة، لمن؟ لأبي هارون الأندلسي.
وتستعمل كلمة رسول بمعنى الضابط المكلف بتنفيذ أحكام القضاء، ففي حكاية باسم الحداد (ص68): فقال القاضي صنعتك حدَّاد ومن أين لك الرسالة، فقال له: من أمس عبرت للرسالة.
رَسِيلة: خادمة؟ أمة؟ (ألف ليلة برسل 11: 376).
رَسُولي: نسبة إلى رسول بمعنى حواري (بوشر).
رَسُولِيَّة: رسالة، مهمة رسول أو حواري (بوشر). حمام رَسَائلي: حمام زاجل، حمام يقول بحمل الرسائل (مملوك 2، 2: 116).
رُسَّال، وتجمع على رَساسيل: هي في إسبانيا غديدة في طرف الجفن، بثرة صغيرة تتكون على طرف الجفن، شحاذ العين، جلجل (ألكالا)، وقد ترجمها إلى اللاتينية ب nuça وجمعها racicil غير أن الصواب ruçal وهي تحريف الكلمة الإسبانية orzuclo.
إِرْسالِيَّة: إرسال، بعث، رسالة (بوشر).
مُرْسَل، الكلام المرسل: نثر حر لا يتقيد بسجع (المقدمة 3: 322، ابن جبير ص2، المقري 3: 436، دي سلان المقدمة 1 ص38).
والحائط المرسل في صناعة البناء: هو الحائط الطويل المنفرد بنفسه كحائط السور ونحوه (محيط المحيط).
مَرْسل، ويجمع على مَراسيل: رسائل، ففي ترجمة ابن خلدون بقلمه (ص211 ق): إنشاء مخاطباته ومراسله.
مرسل عِوَض، في مصطلح التجارة: مسترد، ما يرسل عوضاً عن غيره من البيع (بوشر).
مُرْسَلَة: بيع بالجملة، بيع صُبرة (معجم الإدريسي).
مِرْسال: رسول، ساعٍ، مُرسل، وكيل، مبعوث (بوشر، محيط المحيط، ألف ليلة 4: 631). وفي معجم بوشر: والمرسال خالص الأجرة أي والعمولة مدفوعة.
مَرْسُول: رسول، مُرسل، سفير (ألكالا).
مَرْسُول: رَسُول، حواريّ (تقويم قرطبة ص66).
مُراسلة: يقال على ما لا يقع دفعة واحدة بل شيئاً بعد شيء (محيط المحيط).

صحب

1 صَحِبَهُ, aor. ـَ inf. n. صُحْبَةٌ (S, A, Msb, K, &c.) and صَحَابَةٌ (S, A, K) and صِحَابَةٌ, (K,) He associated, kept company, or consorted, with him; (A, K;) [he accompanied him;] he was, or became, his companion, associate, comrade, fellow, friend, or fellow-traveller: (MA:) and ↓ صاحبهُ signifies the same. (TA. [See this latter verb below.]) b2: [Hence] one says, صَحِبَكَ اللّٰهُ and ↓ صَاحَبَكَ, (A, TA,) [inf. n. of the former (in the TA inadvertently said to be of the latter) صِحَابَةٌ, (said in the TA to be with kesr,) or صَحَابَةٌ, and, as will be shown by what follows, صُحْبَةٌ also,] (tropical:) May God guard, keep, protect, or defend, thee; may God be thy guardian, keeper, &c.: (TA in explanation of the former:) and أَحْسَنَ اللّٰهُ صَحَابَتَكَ (A, and Ham p. 443) or صِحَابَتَكَ (TA) (tropical:) [May God make the guarding, &c., of thee to be good]. And (TA) [in like manner,] فُلَانًا ↓ اصحب signifies (assumed tropical:) He guarded, kept, or protected, such a one; as also ↓ اصطحبهُ: and he defended such a one; syn. مَنَعَهُ: (K, TA:) one says, بِصُحْبَةٍ ↓ اَللّٰهُمَّ أَصْحِبْنَا وَأَقْلِبْنَا بِذِمَّةٍ (assumed tropical:) O God, guard us with thy guarding in our journey, and make us to return with thy safeguard to our country, or land, &c.; occurring in a trad.: (TA:) and ↓ وَلَا هُمْ مِنَّا يُصْحَبُونَ, (A, TA,) in the Kur [xxi. 44], (TA,) means (tropical:) Nor shall they (i. e. the unbelievers, TA) be defended from us, (A, TA,) as expl. by Zj; (TA;) and preserved in safety: (A:) or, accord. to Katádeh, nor shall they be attended by good from us: or, as some say, it is from the phrase صَحِبَكَ اللّٰهُ meaning as expl. above. (TA.) b3: See also 4, last sentence but one.

A2: صَحَبَ, aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. صَحْبٌ, (TK,) He skinned a slaughtered animal. (K.) 3 صاحبهُ, (MA,) inf. n. دُصَاحَبَةٌ, (KL,) i. q. صَحِبَهُ; (TA;) He associated, kept company, or consorted, with him. (MA, KL.) See 1, first and second sentences. b2: And see the next paragraph, last sentence but one.4 أَصْحَبْتُهُ قُلَانًا [I made such a one to be a companion, or an associate, to him]. (A.) and أَصْحَبْتُهُ الشَّىْءَ (tropical:) I made the thing to be [as it were] a companion to him; (S, K, TA;) and so ↓ استصحبتهُ; as in the saying, استصحبته الكِتَابَ وَغَيْرَهُ (tropical:) I made the book, or writing, &c., to be [as it were] his companion. (S, * TA.) b2: and اصحبهُ (tropical:) He did to him that which caused him to be a companion, or an associate, to him. (A, TA.) b3: And (tropical:) He left upon it, namely, a skin, its hair, (S, A,) or its wool; not subjecting it to the process termed عَطْنٌ. (S.) b4: See also 1, in three places.

A2: اصحب, intrans., He (a man) became one having a companion, or an associate: (K, TA: [in the latter said to be tropical; but, I think, without reason:]) and he was, or became, one having companions, or associates. (TA.) b2: And [hence,] (tropical:) He (a man) had a son who had attained to manhood (S, A, TA) and so become like him: (TA;) i. e. he was alone, and became one having a companion; (A;) or as though his son became his companion. (TA.) b3: And (tropical:) He (a camel, and a horse or similar beast, S, TA, or an animal, and a man to a man, A, TA *) became tractable, submissive, or obsequious, after being refractory, or incompliant; (S, A, TA;) [and so ↓ صَاحَبَ, as is implied by an explanation of its part. n. مُصَاحِبٌ; and ↓ استصحب, for] hence, (A,) one says also, اِسْتَصْعَبَ تُمَّ اسْتَصْحَبَ (tropical:) [He was refractory, or incompliant: then he became tractable, submissive, or obsequious]: (A, TA:) and accord. to A 'Obeyd, one says, ↓ صَحِبْتُ الرَّجُلَ, from الصُّحْبَةُ, and أَصْحَبْتُ [app. اصحبت لَهُ], meaning (assumed tropical:) I became tractable, submissive, or obsequious, to the man. (TA.) b4: And, said of water, (tropical:) It became overspread with [the green substance termed] طُحْلُب. (S, A. *) 5 يَتَصَحَّبُ مِنَّا (assumed tropical:) He is ashamed, or bashful, with respect to us; or shy of us; (K, TA;) i. e. he is ashamed to sit with us, or shy of sitting with us. (Ibn-Buzurj, TA.) And فُلَانٌ مَا يَتَصَحَّبُ مِنْ شَىْءٍ (tropical:) Such a one does not guard himself against anything, and is not ashamed to do it, or shy of doing it, does not shun it, or avoid it. (A.) 6 تَصَاْحَبَ see the next paragraph, in two places.8 اصطحبوا, (S, A, K,) originally اصتحبوا, (S,) They associated, kept company, or consorted, one with another; (S, A, K;) as also ↓ تصاحبوا: (A:) and in like manner اصطحبا and ↓ تصاحبا said of two men. (TA.) A2: اصطحبهُ: see 1.10 استصحبهُ He desired him, or demanded him, as a companion, an associate, a comrade, or a friend: (MA:) or he invited him to associate, keep company, or consort, with him: and he clave to him: (A, K:) [he chose him, or took him, as a companion, &c.: and] he had him with him. (MA.) b2: [Hence,] one says, اِسْتَصْحَبْتُ كِتَابًا لِى (tropical:) [I made a book a companion to me; or I made a book belonging to me my companion]. (A, L, TA.) And اِسْتَصْحَبْتُ الكِتَابَ وَغَيْرَهُ (assumed tropical:) I carried the book &c. with me. (Msb.) And one says of anything, استصحبهُ as meaning (assumed tropical:) It clave, adhered, or held-fast, to it; namely, another thing; (IF, S, Msb, TA;) or coalesced, or united, with it. (S, TA.) [See an ex. in a verse cited voce رَامِكٌ.] b3: See also 4, second sentence: A2: and see the last sentence but one of the same paragraph.

صَحْبٌ: see صَاحِبٌ.

صُحْبَةٌ an inf. n. of صَحِبَهُ [q. v.]. (S, A, Msb, K, &c.) b2: [As a simple subst., Companionship. Hence, لَهُ صُحْبَةٌ, often occurring in biographies as meaning He had companionship with the Prophet; i. e. he was one of the Companions of the Prophet. And خَرَجْتُ صُحْبَةَ الرَّسُولِ, frequently occurring in trads., meaning I went forth in the companionship of the Apostle, or in company with the Apostle. Hence also] one says, حَمَلْتُ الكِتَابَ صُحْبَتِى (assumed tropical:) [I carried the book with me]. (Msb.) صُحْبَةُ السَّفِينَةِ [The companionship of the ship] is a post-classical phrase, denoting, by way of comparison, that which has no permanence. (Har p.

258.) b3: See also صَاحِبٌ, of which it is a quasipl. n.

صَحَابَةٌ an inf. n. of صَحِبَهُ [q. v.]. (S, A, K.) b2: See also صَاحِبٌ, of which it is a quasi-pl. n. [الصَّحَابَةُ is commonly applied to The Companions of the Prophet:] ↓ صَحَابِىٌّ [is the n. un., meaning a Companion of the Prophet; and] is conventionally applied to one who saw Mohammad, and whose companionship with him was long, even if he have not related anything from him; or, as some say, even if his companionship with him was not long. (KT.) صَحَابِىٌّ: see the next preceding paragraph.

صَاحِبٌ A companion, an associate, a comrade, a fellow, or a friend; (A, MA, KL, TA;) a fellow-traveller: (MA:) [an accomplice: (assumed tropical:) an accompanier, or attendant, as applied to a thing:] and (tropical:) a lord, or master; a possessor, an owner, an occupant, a haver, or a proprietor; of anything: (A, TA:) it is not trans. like the verb, therefore you may not say, زَيْدٌ صَاحِبٌ عَمْرًا; (TA;) [i. e.] it is not used as an act. part. n., but as a subst., like وَالِدٌ; (Ham p. 32:) the pl., (S, Msb,) or term applied to a pl. number, (A, K, TA,) is ↓ صَحْبٌ, (S, A, Msb, K,) a pl. like رَكْبٌ of رَاكِبٌ, (S,) or [rather] a quasi-pl. n., (TA,) and أَصْحَابٌ, [the most common of all,] (A, Msb,) a pl. like أَشْهَادٌ of شَاهِدٌ, (TA,) or pl. of صَحْبٌ, like أَفْرَاخٌ of فَرْخٌ, (S,) and أَصَاحِيبُ, (S, K,) pl. of أَصْحَابٌ, (S,) and صُحْبَانٌ, (S, K,) a pl. like شُبَّانٌ of شَابٌّ, (S,) and صِحَابٌ, (S, A, K,) a pl. like جِيَاعٌ of جَائِعٌ, (S,) and صِحَابَةٌ, (A, K,) in which the ة may be regarded, agreeably with analogy, as an affix to the pl. صِحَابٌ characteristic of the fem. gender, (TA,) and ↓ صَحَابَةٌ, (S, A, Msb, K,) which is more common than صِحَابَةٌ, (TA,) but the only instance of فَعَالَةٌ as the pl. measure of a word of the measure فَاعِلٌ, (L, TA,) or originally an inf. n., (S,) or not so, but a quasi-pl. n., though written like the inf. n. [that is said to be its original], (from a marginal note in a copy of the S,) and ↓ صُحْبَةٌ, (S, A,) a pl. like فُرْهَةٌ of فَارِهٌ, (S, TA,) or [rather] a quasi-pl. n.: (TA:) the fem. is صَاحِبَةٌ, and its pl. is صَوَاحِبُ and صَوَاحِبَاتٌ, (Mgh, Msb,) the latter mentioned by AAF on the authority of Abu-l- Hasan: (TA:) hence, in a trad. of 'Áïsheh, أَنْتُنَّ صَوَاحِبُ يُوسُفَ [Ye are the female companions, or the mistresses, of Joseph; meaning, enticers to lewdness]; or, as some relate it, صَوَاحِبَاتُ يُوسُفَ: (Mgh:) the dim. of صَاحِبٌ is ↓ صُوَيْحِبٌ (A) [and that of صَاحِبَهٌ is ↓ صُوَيْحِبَةٌ].

يَاصَاحِ for يَاصَاحِبِى [O my companion, &c.,] is the only allowable instance of such curtailing of a prefixed noun, related as heard from the Arabs. (S, TA.) One says, فُلَانٌ صَاحِبُ صِدْقٍ

[Such a one is a good companion, &c.]. (A, * TA.) [And صَاحِبُ جَيْشِ The commander of an army. And صَاحِبُ البَرِيدِ and صَاحِبُ الشُّرْطَةِ

&c.: see arts. برد and شرط &c. And الصَّاحِبُ, alone, in post-classical times applied to The Wezeer, when an officer of the pen: see De Sacy's Chrest. Ar., sec. ed., ii. 59.] And صَاحِبُ اليَمِينِ [The companion of the right hand] and صَاحِبُ الشِّمَالِ [The companion of the left hand]; appellations of each man's recording angels, who write down his good and evil actions. (A trad. thus commencing in the Jámi' es-Sagheer.) and صَاحِبُ الصُّورِ (assumed tropical:) The angel who is the possessor of the horn. (Idem.) [And صَاحِبُ بَيْتٍ (assumed tropical:) The owner, or master, of a house or tent.] And أَصْحَابُ الجَنَّةِ (assumed tropical:) [The inmates, or occupants, of Paradise]: (Kur ii. 76, &c.:) and أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ (assumed tropical:) [The inmates, &c., of the fire of Hell]. (Kur ii. 37, &c.) and صَاحِبُ سِجْنٍ (assumed tropical:) An inmate of a prison. (Bd and Jel in xii. 39.) And صَاحِبُ الصَّفِّ وَالجُمْعَةِ (assumed tropical:) He who keeps to praying in the first rank and to the prayer of Friday. (El-Munáwee on a trad. thus commencing in the Jámi' es-Sagheer.) And أَصْجَابُ الشَّافِعِىِّ (tropical:) The followers of the persuasion of EshSháfi'ee: and in like manner one says of the followers of other persuasions. (Msb.) [and صَاحِبُ كِتَابٍ (assumed tropical:) The author of a book.] and صَاحِبُ عِلْمٍ وَمَالٍ (tropical:) A possessor of science and of wealth. (A, TA.) And صَاحِبُ وِتْرٍ (assumed tropical:) [One who has a claim for blood-revenge: see an ex. in a verse cited voce دَرَّاكٌ]. (Keys Ibn-Rifá'ah, TA in art. درك.) [And صَاحِبُ أَمْرٍ وَنَهْىٍ (assumed tropical:) One who possesses authority to command and to forbid. And صَاحِبُ أَمْرٍ also signifies (assumed tropical:) The author of an affair or event or action; the doer of a thing; the manager, or disposer, thereof: and one who keeps, or adheres, to a thing. And صَاحِبُ دَيْنٍ (assumed tropical:) A debtor.] And one says, خَرَجَ وَصَاحِبَاهُ السَّيْفُ وَالرُّمْحُ (tropical:) [He went forth, the sword and the spear being his companions]. (A, TA.) صُوَيْحِبٌ and سُوَيْحِبَةٌ dims. of صَاحِبٌ and صَاحِبَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

أَصْحَبُ i. q. أَصْحَرُ, (S, K,) Of a colour inclining to redness: applied to an ass [app. to a wild ass]. (S, TA.) مُصْحَبٌ [properly Made to have a companion. b2: And hence,] (assumed tropical:) A man possessed by a jinnee or demon; a demoniac; or insane. (K, * TA.) b3: See also مُصْحِبٌ. b4: And (tropical:) A skin, or hide, (A, K,) or a [skin such as is termed] زِقّ, (S,) having its hair remaining upon it, (S, A, K,) or its wool, or its fur; (K;) and ↓ مَصْحُوبٌ signifies the same. (A.) Hence, قِرْبَةٌ مُصْحَبَةٌ (K, TA) (tropical:) A water-skin that has somewhat of its wool [or hair] remaining upon it, and that has not been subjected to the process termed عَطْنٌ. (TA.) b5: And (tropical:) A branch, or stick, that has not been stripped of its bark, or peel. (TA.) مُصْحِبٌ [properly Having a companion. b2: And hence,] A man having a son that has attained to manhood, and become like him. (K, * TA.) b3: And (tropical:) One who talks to himself; and so, sometimes, ↓ مُصْحَبٌ. (K, TA.) b4: And (tropical:) Tractable, submissive, or obsequious, after being refractory, or incompliant; (K;) as also ↓ مُصَاحِبٌ, (A, K,) and ↓ مُسْتَصْحِبٌ. (TA. [See also the next paragraph.]) b5: And (assumed tropical:) Going straight on, or right on, without delay. (K.) هُوَ مِصْحَابٌ لَنَا بِمَا نُحِبُّ (assumed tropical:) He is [very] submissive, or compliant, to us in that which we like. (K.) [See also مُصْحِبٌ.]

مَصْحُوبٌ [Associated with, or accompanied]. b2: [Hence,] one says [to a person departing], اِمْضِ مَصْحُوبًا (tropical:) Go thou, kept in safety, preserved from harm; and [so] ↓ مُصَاحَبًا: (A, TA:) and [in like manner,] in bidding farewell, مُعَافًا

↓ مُصَاحَبًا (tropical:) [Be thou kept in safety or health, preserved from harm]: and a poet says, ↓ وَصَاحِبِى مِنْ دَوَاعِى السُّوْءِ مُصْطَحَبُ (assumed tropical:) [And my companion is preserved, or defended, from the causes of evil]. (TA.) b3: See also مُصْحَبٌ.

مُصَاحَبٌ: see مَصْحُوبٌ, in two places.

مُصَاحِبٌ: see مُصْحِبٌ.

مُصْطَحَبٌ: see مَصْحُوبٌ.

مُسْتَصْحِبٌ: see مُصْحِبٌ.

عدو
فَرَسٌ عَدَوَانٌ: كَثيرُ العَدْوِ. وعَدَا عليه عَدْواً وعُدُوّاً وعَدَاءً وعُدْواناً، واعْتَدى عليه وتَعَدّى: سَواء. والعَدْوى: طَلَبُكَ إلى الوالي الإِعْداءَ على مَنْ ظَلَمَكَ. وما يُعْدِي من الجَرَبِ وغيرِه، وفي الحديث: " لا عَدْوى ".
وعَدَا طَوْرَه وتَعَدّى: تَجَاوَزَ قَدْرَه، ومنه رَأَيْتُهم ما عَدا زَيْداً. وعَدَتْ بَيْنَنا عَوَادٍ: صَرَفَتْ صَوَارِفُ، ويُقال: عَادَتْ، كأنَّها فاعَلَتْ. والعَدَاءُ والعُدَوَاءُ والعادِيَةُ: الشُّغْلُ. والعادِيَةُ: الشَّرُّ والأذى. وعَدَاءُ الطَّريْقِ وعِدَاؤه وعِدْوَتُه وعِدْوُه: ما انْقَادَ مَعَكَ من عُرْضِه.
والعِنْدَأْوَةُ: الْتِوَاءٌ وعَسَرٌ، النُّوْنُ والهَمْزَةُ زائدتانِ. وعَدِّ الهَمَّ عنكَ: اصْرِفهُ ونَحِّه.
ويُجْمَعُ العَدُوُّ على الأعْدَاء، والعِدى والعُدى والعَدِيِّ والعُدَاةِ والعَدَايا والأعادي، وهي عَدُوَّةُ اللهِ، ولا نَظِيْرَ له، كأنَّه أُلحِقَ بِصَدِيْقَةٍ. وعَدْوَانُ: حَيٌّ من قَيْسٍ.
والعُدْوَةُ - بضَمِّ العَيْنِ وكَسْرِها -: صَلاَبَةٌ من شَاطِئِ الوَادي. والنّاحِيَةُ من الأرْض. والعُقْدَةُ لا حَمْضَ بها، وقيل: هي الخُلَّةُ. والعَدَوِيَّةُ: صِغَارُ الشَّجَرِ تَرْعَاه الإِبِلُ. وصِغَارُ سِخَالِ الغَنَم، ويُقال: هي العَذَوِيَّةُ - بالذّال المُعْجَمَة -.
والعِدّى: ما يُجْعَلُ على القَبْر من الصُّخُورْ. والعِدْوُ: حَجَرٌ رَقِيْقٌ واسِعٌ، ويُجْمَعُ على العِدَاء. والعِدَى: كُلُّ خَشَبَةٍ تُجْعَلُ بين خَشَبَتَيْن. ورَجُلٌ عِدَىً، وقَوْمٌ عِدَىً أيضاً: بُعُدٌ عنكَ. وغُرَباءُ أيضاً، ويُقال: قَوْمٌ أعْدَاء، بهذا المعنى. والعِدَى: البُعْدُ نَفْسُه.
وعَادِيَا اللَّوْحِ: طَرَفاه. وأُمُوْرٌ عِدْوَةٌ: بَعيْدَةٌ: وعَدَّيْتُ عَدَاءً: بَعُدْتَ. وعادَيْتُه من كَذا: مَيَّزْتَه.
وَعَدِّ شَيْئاً من إِبِلكَ: اعْزِلْهُ. وعَادى بَيْنَه: وَالى. وتَعَادَوْا: ماتَ بعضُهم في أثر بعضٍ.
ومَكانٌ مُتَعَادٍ: غَيْرُ مُسْتَو، وكأنَّه من العُدَوَاءِ: المَكانِ غيرِ المُسْتَوي. وهو الاناخَةُ القَليلةُ. والأرضُ الصُّلْبَةُ، أيضاً. وإِبلٌ عادِيَةٌ وعَوَادٍ: لا تَرْعى الحَمْضَ. والعَدِيُّ: الجَمَاعَةُ - بِلُغَةِ هُذَيْلٍ -. وهي الرَّجّالَةُ يَتَقَدَّمون الجَيْشَ أيضاً: ولا تَعَدّى من الأمْرِ شيئاً: أي لا تُغْني. والعَوَادِيُّ من الكَرْم: ما يُغْرَسُ في أُصُوْلِ الشَّجَرِ العِظَام الظَّلِيْلَة، ويُنْسَبُ إِليها فيُقال: عَادِيَّةُ العَنَمَةِ والعَرْعَرَةِ، ولا يُسَمّى الحَبَلَةَ. وأعْدَاه على كَذا: أعَانَه. والعِدَى: جَمْعُ العِدَةِ وهي الوَعْدُ، وهذا نادِرٌ من المَقْلُوْب. وعُدَيَّةُ: اسْمُ قَبيلةٍ. وهَضَبَة، أيضاً.
ويُقال: كَتَبَ المُصَدِّقُ عَلَيَّ عَدَاءً كثيراً: أي تَعَدّى الفَريضَةَ وأخَذَ فَوْقَ حَقَّه.
ابنُ الأعْرابيِّ: قالوا مَعْدِي كَرِبَ لأنَّه عَدِيُّ الفَسَادِ، والكَرِبُ: الفسادُ. فأمّا قَوْلُ ابنِ مُقْبِل:
مَعْدى القِلادَةِ من رَبْوٍ ولا بُهُرِ
فأرادَ به: إلاّ القِلادَةَ، وكأنَّه: ما عَدا القِلادَةَ، فأدْرَجَ الألفَ. وشَيْءٌ عادِيٌّ: قَدِيْمٌ، كالمجْدِ وغيرِه.

(ع د و) : (الْعَدْوُ) السُّرْعَةُ وَفَرَسٌ عَدَّاءٌ عَلَى فَعَّالٍ (وَبِهِ) سُمِّيَ الْعَدَّاءُ الَّذِي كَتَبَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ - الْكِتَابَ الْمَشْهُورَ وَهُوَ «بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ هَذَا مَا اشْتَرَى الْعَدَّاءُ بْنُ خَالِدِ بْنِ هَوْذَةَ مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ اشْتَرَى مِنْهُ عَبْدًا أَوْ أَمَةً شَكَّ الرَّاوِي لَا دَاءَ
وَلَا غَائِلَةَ وَلَا خِبْثَةَ» بَيْعَ الْمُسْلِمِ لِلْمُسْلِمِ قَالَ الْمُصَنِّفُ الْمُشْتَرِي الْعَدَّاءُ لَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ - هَكَذَا قَرَأْتُهُ فِي الْفَائِقِ وَهَكَذَا أُثْبِتَ فِي مُشْكِلِ الْآثَارِ وَنَفْيِ الِارْتِيَابِ وَمُعْجَمِ الطَّبَرَانِيِّ وَمَعْرِفَة الصَّحَابَةِ لِابْنِ مَنْدَهْ وَمَعْرِفَةِ الصَّحَابَةِ لِلدَّغُولِيِّ وَهَكَذَا فِي الْفِرْدَوْسِ أَيْضًا بِطُرُقٍ كَثِيرَةٍ وَفِي شُرُوط الْخَصَّافِ وَشُرُوطِ الطَّحَاوِيِّ بِتَعْلِيقِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الرَّازِيِّ أَنَّ الْمُشْتَرِيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَتَابَعَهُمَا فِي ذَلِكَ الْحَاكِمُ السَّمَرْقَنْدِيُّ وَالْأَوَّلُ هُوَ الصَّحِيحُ وَلَيْسَ فِي شَيْءٍ مِمَّا رَوَيْتُ وَرَأَيْتُ وَلَا عَيْبَ وَلَا لَفْظَةُ فِيهِ (قَالُوا) الدَّاءُ كُلُّ عَيْبٍ بَاطِنٍ ظَهَرَ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ أَوْ لَا وَهُوَ مِثْلُ وَجَعِ الطِّحَالِ وَالْكَبِدِ وَالسُّعَالِ وَكَذَا وَكَذَا وَالْجُذَامِ وَهُوَ مَا يَبْدُو فِي الْأَعْضَاءِ مِنْ الْقُرُوحِ وَالْبَرَصِ وَهُوَ الْبَيَاضُ فِي ظَاهِرِ الْجِلْدِ وَرِيحِ الرَّحِمِ وَهِيَ عَلَى مَا زَعَمَ الْأَطِبَّاءُ مَادَّةٌ نَفَّاخَةٌ فِيهَا بِسَبَبِ اجْتِمَاعِ الرُّطُوبَاتِ اللَّزِجَةِ (وَالْغَائِلَةُ) الْإِبَاقُ وَالْفُجُورُ (وَالْخِبْثَةُ) أَنْ يَكُونَ مَسْبِيًّا مِنْ قَوْمٍ لَهُمْ عَهْدٌ (وَالْكَيَّةُ) لَيْسَتْ بِدَاءٍ وَلَا غَائِلَةٍ وَلَكِنَّهَا عَيْبٌ (وَعَدَاهُ) جَاوَزَهُ (وَمِنْهُ) اتَّجِرْ فِي الْبَزِّ وَلَا تَعْدُ إلَى غَيْرِهِ أَيْ لَا تُجَاوِزْ الْبَزَّ (وَعَدَا عَلَيْهِ) جَاوَزَ الْحَدَّ فِي الظُّلْمِ عَدْوًا وَعَدَاءً بِالْفَتْحِ وَالْمَدِّ (وَمِنْهُ) وَصْفُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - السَّبُعَ بِالْعَدَّاءِ فَقَالَ السَّبُعُ الْعَادِيُّ (وَفِي حَدِيثِ) عُثْمَانَ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ - أَنَّ أَعْرَابِيًّا قَالَ لَهُ إنَّ بَنِي عَمِّكَ عَدَوْا عَلَى إبِلِي (وَاسْتَعْدَى) فُلَانٌ الْأَمِيرَ عَلَى مَنْ ظَلَمَهُ أَيْ اسْتَعَانَ بِهِ فَأَعْدَاهُ عَلَيْهِ أَيْ أَعَانَهُ عَلَيْهِ وَنَصَرَهُ (وَمِنْهُ) فَمَنْ رَجُلٌ يُعْدِينِي أَيْ يَنْصُرُنِي وَيُعِينُنِي (وَالِاسْتِعْدَاءُ) طَلَبُ الْمَعُونَةِ وَالِانْتِقَامِ وَالْمَعُونَةُ نَفْسُهَا أَيْضًا (وَمِنْهَا) قَوْلُهُ رَجُلٌ ادَّعَى عَلَى رَجُلٍ عِنْدَ الْقَاضِي وَأَرَادَ عَنْهُ عَدْوَى أَيْ عَنْ الْقَاضِي نُصْرَةً وَمَعُونَةً عَلَى إحْضَارِ الْخَصْمِ فَإِنَّهُ يُعْدِيهِ أَيْ يَسْمَعُ كَلَامَهُ وَيَأْمُرُ بِإِحْضَارِ خَصْمِهِ وَكَذَا مَا رُوِيَ أَنَّ امْرَأَةَ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ اسْتَعْدَتْ فَأَعْطَاهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ - هَدَبَةً مِنْ ثَوْبِهِ كَهَيْئَةِ الْعَدْوَى أَيْ كَمَا يُعْطِي الْقَاضِي الْخَاتَمَ أَوْ الطِّينَةَ لِتَكُونَ عَلَامَةً فِي إحْضَارِ الْمَطْلُوبِ
وَأَمَّا قَوْلُ مُحَمَّدٍ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ - وَلَوْ سُبِيَتْ امْرَأَةٌ بِالْمَشْرِقِ فَعَلَى أَهْلِ الْمَغْرِبِ اسْتِعْدَاؤُهَا مَا لَمْ تَدْخُلْ دَارَ الْحَرْبِ فَفِيهِ نَظَرٌ.

عدو: عدا إلى أو في، عدا إليه أو فيه المرض: أعداه بالدواء والمرض. انتقل إليه المرض، وأصابه بالعدوى (بوشر).
عدا: أخفق، خاب نقص، أعوز، ففي الحديث عن أحد السقاة مثلاً: لم يَعْدُ المُنى، أي لم يخفق في تحقيق مناه. (المقري 1: 662) وأنظر تعليقة فليشر على هذه العبارة (بريشت من 216) حيث نجد فيه أمثلة مثل: لا عَدَى حَظَّك إقبال. أي لا ينقص النجاح حظّك. ويقال في الكلام عن الدراهم: عداه طالِبٌ. أي أخفق في أن يجد له طالباً. وأضيف إلى ذلك ما جاء في كليلة ودمنة (ص30): ما عدوتَ الذي في نفسي. أي لم تجاوز ما أراه فيك، يعني لم تكذب رأيي في عقلك وحكمتك وفي الأغاني (ص51): ما عدا صِفتَي وصفةُ (وصِفَةَ) ابن سريج. يريد أن يقول أن أمير المؤمنين لم يخطئ في التمييز بين موهبتي وموهبة ابن سريج.
وفي الكامل (ص119): فلما نهض (عبد الله بن يزيد أبو خالد القسري قال له عبد الملك يوما ما مالك؟ فلم يخبره) فقيل له: هلا خبرته بمقدار مالك؟ فقال: لم يَعْدُ أن يكون قليلاً فيحرقني أو كثيراً فيحسدني. أي لم يجاوز أن يكون قليلاً فيحقرني أو كثير فيحسدني.
عدا على: اجتاح، طغى على. يقال عدا الرمل على (معجم الادريسي).
عدا على فلان ب: اغتنم الفرصة ليغيضه ويهينه ب (تاريخ البربر 1: 431).
عَدَّى: عبر (بوشر) ويقال مثلاً عدّى النهر.
ففي الادريسي (الباب الخامس الفصل الرابع): بعد تعدية نهر. وفيه: وهو نهر كبير يعدى بالقوارب. ومنه قيل: مركب تعدية= معدية أي معبر (معجم ابن جبير).
عَدَّى الحدود: تجاوز الحد، تعدّى (بوشر) وحاول عبور نهر، ففي ملّر (نصوص من ابن الخطيب 1863، 2: 85).
ولما التقى الجمعان فرّ فراره ... ولكنهّ عَدَّى فقيده النهُر
عَدَّى على: مرّ من مكان وجاوز (بوشر).
عدَّى: ارتد، انعكس، أرتد من نقطة إلى أخرى.
ويقال عَّدى من والي: ارتده، ورُد ودفع من جسم إلى آخر. (بوشر).
عَدَّى: انصرف، جاوز، حاد عن، ترك، تخلَّى من، غادر، هجر، وكان علي لين (مادة عدا) أن لا يشك في عبارة المصباح. (انظر معجم مسلم).
عَدَّى عن: كفّ عن، تخلَّى عن، تحوّل عن، ترك، انفصل عن. تنازل عن حقه، أفلت، أهمل، عدل عن، أقلع عن، (بوشر).
عَدَّى عن: ترك، أغفل، أهمل، حذف، أسقط. ومرّ، قطع، عبر، جاز، انتقل. ولم يتكلم عن (بوشر).
عَدَّى: أفسد ما بين الأصدقاء الذين كانوا يعيشون في سلام وصفاء. (فوك، الكالا).
عَدَّى: انتكر، رفض، جحد ولم يوافق، وسخط، غضب، اغتاظ، تنازع (الكالا).
مُعَدِّى: مضاد، معاكس، مخالف، معاد، خصم، عدوّ. (فوك).
أعدى: (انظر معجم مسلم) غير أن هناك كثير مما يقال عن كتابة هذه الكلمة ومعنى البيت الذي نقل فيه. وقال السيد دي غويه إنه يترجم الآن الفعل أعدى بما معناه: نقل إلى، أوصل، وابلغ، أخبر، أفاد.
تَعَدَّى: لمعرفة استعمال هذا الفعل انظر رحلة ابن بطوطة (1: 35) ففيها: كانوا يظنوُّن أن القضاء لا يتعداه. أي لا يتجاوزه ليصبح قاضياً.
تَعَدىَّ: في ويجرز (ص20) حيث الكلام عن شعر ابن زيدون: لا تَعَدَّى به الرؤساء والملوك. ولم يفهم الناشر هذه الجملة. وهي تعني كما يقول دي ساسي في جريدة الجنوب: قد خصّ شعره بالأمراء والملوك لا يتجاوزهم إلى غيرهم.
تعدَّى: جاب، طاف، ساح، (هلو).
تعدَّى: اجتاز، جاز، قطع، عبر. (ابن بطوطة 1: 50).
تعدَّى إلى فلان ب: قدم له شيئاً. أهدى له شيئاً. (عباد 1: 313).
تعدّى: اختلف معه. (فوك، الكالا).
انعدى. انعدى من فلان: انتقل إليه المرض منه، انتقلت إليه العدوى منه. (بوشر).
ويقال أيضاً: انعدى من مرض أحد.
انعداء. عدوى، انتقال المرض من شخص إلى آخر. (هلو).
اعتدى على: اجتاح، اكتسح، يقال: اعتدت الرمال على. (معجم الادريسي).
اعتدا: في المعجم اللاتيني العربي contagium عِلّة واعْترا وتدنس. غير أني أرى أن الصواب اعتدا.
اعتدى: بمعنى استعدى أي استعان واستنصر. (المقري 2: 247) وانظر: إضافات.
أستعدي: ويقال أيضاً: استعدى بفلان: استعان به واستنصره. (المقري 2: 358).
عَدْو: سفْلِس، زهري (شيرب).
عَدْوَة: فسرت في ديوان الهذليين (ص13).
البيت الخامس. بحَمْلة كجِرْية السيل. وفي (ص224) منها: عَدْوَتي وعادتي وغارتي واحد.
عَدْوَة: عدوى، ومرض ذو عدوة: مرض معدٍ (بوشر).
عَدَّوَة، وعِدْوة، في معجم فوك: بَرَ عِدْوَة وبر العِدْوَة أي جانب الوادي، وليس عَدْوَة كما في معجم فريتاج.
عَدْوَة: ذكرت في ديوان الهذليين (ص139 البيت الثاني).
عِدْوِى: ما وراء (فوك). وعِدْوِي نسبة إلى عِدْوة في قولهم بَرّ العِدْوة أي ما وراء البحر وهو الذي يصدر من شمال إفريقية. ويذكر الكالا، صُوف عدْوِى: صوف بني مرين (مرينوس) وضائنة الصوف العدوى: الغنم التي يجز منها هذا الصوف، وكان الأسبان قد استوردوا هذا النوع الجيد من الغنم من أفريقية. ولا تزال هذه الأغنام موجودة عند كثير من قبائل الجزائر. وقد سمي باسم قبيلة بني مرين التي تسكن الآن في أرباض تلمسان. (انظر: دفيك ص162 مادة مرينوس).
ولا تزال كلمة صوف عدوى مستعملة في تطوان وتعني عندهم مرينوس أي صوف بني مرين فيما يقول ليرشندي.
عُدْوان: اعتداء، تعدّ (بوشر).
عُدوان: انظر باين سميث (1205) تجد فيه: العدوان مع فرم خزائن وغيرها. والعدوان مع الافاريز، الاستدارات، الاسطامات .. الخ.
عَدَاويّ: عُدْواني. عِدائي (بوشر).
عَدَاوِية: عدوّ. وهي كلمة عامية (المقدمة 3: 369).
عَدَّاء: شديد الظلم، شديد البغي (الأغاني ص41= بدرون ص252).
عادية: رغبة في إلحاق الضرر بشخص، وإصابته بأذى. (معجم الادريسي).
تَعْدِيَة: تعدّ، تطاول، اغتصاب، أخذ الشيء غصباً وقسراً (بوشر).
تَعْدِيَة: بعنف، وتعدّى الشريعة ومخالفتها (بوشر).
تعدية الأوامر: خروج على القانون. نقض العقد أو الاتفاق (بوشر).
تعدية: عُدوان، عداوة، عمل عدواني (بوشر).
تعدية في الحرب: هجوم، مهاجمة (بوشر).
مُعْدٍ. ربان زورق ينقل الناس ويعبرهم من ضفة إلى أخرى (ألف ليلة 2: 574).
مَعْدِيَة وجمعها معاد قارب، مركب، صندل كبير أو صغير، يستخدم لعبور الناس والحيوانات، مُعْدِيّة. (مملوك 2، 1: 156).
معدية: طوْف، رمث (مملوك (2، 1: 156) مَعْدِيَة: قارب، مركب صغير، سفينة نقل. سفينة كبيرة لنقل البريد. (بوشر).
مَعْدِيَة: مخاضة، مجازة، معبر. (صفة مصر 11: 184، ديسكرياك ص259).
مَعْدَاويّ: نوتي، ربان زورق. (بوشر).

عدو

1 عَدَاهُ, (Mgh, K,) first Pers\. عَدَوْتُهُ, (Msb,) aor. ـْ (Mgh, Msb,) [inf. n. عَدْوٌ,] He passed from it, (Mgh, Msb, K,) namely, a thing, or an affair, (K,) to another, (Mgh, Msb,) and left it; (K;) and عَدَا عَنْهُ signifies the same; (K;) as also ↓ تعدّاه; (S, * K;) and in like manner one says, ↓ عَدَّيْتُهُ, inf. n. تَعْدِيَةٌ; (Msb;) [but I do not find this elsewhere, and think that correctly one should say, عَنْهُ ↓ عَدَّيْتُ; agreeably with what here follows:] the saying عَنْ هٰذَا ↓ عَدِّ means Leave thou this, and turn from it to another; and is app. from the phrase هَمَّكَ ↓ عَدِّ

إِلَى غَيْرِهِ [Turn thy anxiety to other than him, or it]; the objective complement being altogether left out, so that the verb becomes as though it were intrans.; and there are many instances similar to this in the language: (Har p. 478:) one says, عَنِّى الهَمَّ ↓ عَدَّيْتُ I turned away from me anxiety: and [hence] you say to him who has pursued you, عَنِّى إِلَى غَيْرِى ↓ عَدِّ, meaning Turn thou the beast upon which thou art riding towards other than me: (TA:) and عَمَّا تَرَى ↓ عَدِّ, meaning Turn thou thine eye from what thou seest. (S.) [See an ex. of the first of these verbs in the Ham p. 125.] One says also, عَدَاهُ الأَمْرُ and ↓ تعدّاهُ The thing, or affair, passed from him. (TA. [See an ex. in the first paragraph of art. عدم.]) And the Arabs say, إِنَّ الجَرَبَ لَيَعْدُو, meaning Verily the mange, or scab, passes from him that has it to him that is near to him so that the latter becomes mangy, or scabby. (Msb.) And مَا عَدَا فُلَانٌ أَنْ صَنَعَ [app. meaning Such a one did not leave, or, accord. to an explanation of the verb in a similar phrase in Har p. 333, did not delay, his doing such a thing]. (S.) Accord. to Er-Rághib, العَدْوُ primarily signifies Transition; [whence what here precedes;] or the going, or passing, beyond, or the exceeding, a limit, or the usual limit: and incompatibility to coalesce. (TA.) b2: And [hence,] عَدَاهُ, aor. as above, [inf. n. عَدْوٌ,] He went, or passed, beyond it; exceeded it; or transgressed it. (S, TA. *) So in the saying عَدَا طَوْرَهُ [He went, or passed, beyond his proper limit; exceeded it; or transgressed it]: and in like manner, الحَقَّ ↓ تعدّى and ↓ اعتداهُ signify He went, or passed, beyond, &c., what was true, or right; and so عَنِ الحَقِّ, and فَوْقَ الحَقِّ. (TA.) أَمَا عَدَا مَنْ بَدَا, a saying in which the vulgar erroneously omit the interrogative أ, means Does not he transgress that which is right who begins by acting injuriously? (TA.) And it is said عَدَا القَارِصُ فَحَرَزَ (tropical:) What was biting to the tongue attained to an excessive degree, so that it became acid: meaning that the affair, or case, became distressing. (S in art. قرص.) b3: And عَدَا عَلَيْهِ, inf. n. عَدْوٌ and عَدَآءٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and عُدُوٌّ (S, Msb, K) and عُدْوَانٌ (ISd, Msb, K) and عِدْوَانٌ (ISd, K) and عُدْوَى; (K;) and ↓ تعدّى, and ↓ اعتدى; (S, Msb, K;) He acted wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or tyrannically, against him; (S, Msb, K;) and transgressed against him, or exceeded the proper limit against him: (S, Msb:) [and he acted aggressively against him; agreeably with an explanation of the inf. n. of the last of these verbs in what follows: (see an ex. in a verse cited voce رِيحٌ:)] or he acted with excessive wrongfulness, &c., against him: (Mgh:) and ↓ اعدى signifies the same as the other verbs here mentioned; (K, TA;) whence (TA) one says, فِى مَنْطِقِكَ ↓ أَعْدَيْتَ Thou hast deviated from that which is right in thy speech: (S, TA:) ↓ الاِعْتِدَآءُ is the exceeding what is right; and it is sometimes in the way of aggression; and sometimes in the way of requital; and instances of the usage of its verb in both of these manners occur in the Kur ii. 190: (Er-Rághib, TA:) the first and third of the inf. ns. of عَدَا, mentioned above, occur in the Kur vi.108 accord. to different readings: (S, TA:) and [it is said that] العُدْوَانُ signifies sheer, or unmixed, wrongful or unjust or injurious or tyrannical conduct: (S:) or, as some say, the worst of [such conduct, i. e., of] الاِعْتِدَآء, in strength, or deed, or state or condition. (TA.) b4: And عَدَا عَلَيْهِ He acted corruptly towards him. (TA.) b5: And عُدِىَ عَلَيْهِ He had his property stolen, and was wronged. (TA.) And عَدَا عَلَى القُمَاشِ, inf. n. عَدَآءٌ [said in the TA to be like سَحَابٌ, but in the CK عَدًا,] and عُدْوَانٌ and عَدَوَانٌ, (K, TA,) but in the M written with damm and fet-h [i. e. عُدْوَان and عَدْوَان], (TA,) said of a thief, He stole the قماش [meaning goods, or utensils and furniture]. (K, TA.) And عَدَا فِى ظَهْرِهِ He stole what was behind him: (A in art. ظهر:) [or he acted wrongfully in respect of what was behind him: for] لِصٌّ عَادِى ظَهْرٍ is expl. by the words عَدَا فِى ظَهْرٍ فَسَرَقَهُ [so that it app. meansA thief who has acted wrongfully in respect of what was behind one, and stolen it]. (O and K in that art.) b6: And عَدَا عَلَيْهِ, (K, TA,) inf. n. عَدْوٌ, (TA,) signifies also He leaped upon him, or it. (K, TA.) b7: And عَدَا, (K,) or عَدَا فِى

مَشْيِهِ, (Msb,) aor. ـْ (Msb, K,) inf. n. عَدْوٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and عَدًا and عُدُوٌّ and عَدَوَانٌ and تَعْدَآءٌ, (K,) signifies أَحْضَرَ [i. e. He ran; or rose in his running]; (S, * K, TA;) said of a man and of a horse: (TA:) or he went a pace nearly the same as that termed هَرْوَلَةٌ, (Msb, TA,) not so quick, (TA,) or which is not so quick, (Msb,) as that termed جَرْىٌ: (Msb, TA:) or he went a pace less quick than شَدٌّ and more so than مَشْىٌ: (TA in art. سعى:) or [he went quickly, or swiftly; for] العَدْوُ signifies السُّرْعَةُ: (Mgh:) [or rather he ran, whether gently or moderately or vehemently: that it often signifies he ran vehemently is shown by the prov. مِنْ سُلَيْكٍ ↓ أَعْدَى

More vehement in running than Suleyk, who is said to have outstripped fleet horses; and by numerous exs.:] and ↓ عّى signifies the same as عَدَا, denoting a quick pace. (TA in art. هبص.) b8: And [hence, perhaps,] عَدَا المَآءُ, aor. ـْ (assumed tropical:) The water ran. (TA.) A2: عَدَاهُ عَنِ الأَمْرِ, (S, K,) inf. n. عَدْوٌ and عُدْوَانٌ; as also ↓ عدّاهُ; (K;) signifies He, or it, diverted him; or turned him away, or back; (S, K;) and occupied him so as to divert him; (K;) from the thing, or affair. (S, K.) You say, عَدَتْ عَوَادٍ. (S, TA. See عَادِيَةٌ, voce عُدَوَآءُ: and see also the last sentence of the first paragraph of art. عود.) b2: عَدَانِى مِنْهُ شَرٌّ means بَلَغَنِى [i. e., app., Evil, or mischief, reached me from him, or it]. (TA. [See a signi-fication of 4.]) A3: عَدِيتُ لَهُ signifies I hated him, or it. (ISd, K.) A4: عَدَا is also a verb by which one makes an exception, with مَا [preceding it] and without مَا: (S, K:) you say, جَآءَنِى الــقَوْمُ مَا عَدَا زَيْدًا [The people, or party, came to me, except Zeyd]; and جَاؤُونِى عَدَا زَيْدًا [which means the like]; putting what follows it in the accus. case; the agent being implied in it: (S: [see this expl. in what has been said of خَلَا as used in the same manner:]) accord. to MF, it is a verb when what follows it is put in the accus. case; and when what follows it is put in the gen. case, it is a particle, by common consent: (TA: [and the like is said in the Mughnee; i. e., that it is similar to خَلَا in respect of the explanations there given of the different usages of this latter; but that Sb did not know it to have been used otherwise than as having the quality of a verb:]) one says, رَأَيْتُهُمْ عَدَا أَخَاكَ and مَا عَدَاهُ, meaning مَا خَلَا [i. e. I saw them, except thy brother]: and sometimes it governs the gen. case without ما: thus in the M: Az says, [as though regarding it as only a particle,] when you suppress [ما], you make it to govern the accus. case as meaning إِلَّا and you make it to govern the gen. case as meaning سِوَى. (TA.2 عداهٌ, (S, K,) inf. n. تَعْدِيَةٌ, (K,) He made him, or it, to pass [from a thing, or an affair, to another: see 1, first sentence]: (S, K:) and he made it to pass through, and go beyond; syn. أَنْفَذَهُ. (K.) b2: Hence تَعْدِيَةُ الفِعْلِ, a phrase of the grammarians, [generally meaning (assumed tropical:) The making the verb transitive,] as in خَرَجَ زَيْدٌ فَأَخْرَجْتُهُ [Zeyd went forth and I made him to go forth]. (TA.) b3: See also 1, first quarter, in seven places: b4: and again, in the latter half, in two places.3 عاداهُ, (K, TA,) inf. n. مُعَادَاةٌ, (S, K, TA,) [He treated him, or regarded him, with enmity, or hostility:] the verb in this phrase is that of which the epithet is عَدُوٌّ, and the subst. is عَدَاوَةٌ. (K, TA.) [It is perhaps from one of the three phrases next following]. b2: عادى الشَّىْءَ signifies He was, or became, distant, or aloof, from the thing; or he made the thing to be, or become, distant, or aloof; syn. بَاعَدَهُ. (TA.) And you say, فُلَانٌ لَا يُعَادِينِى وَلَا يُوَادِينِى, meaning لَا يُجَافِينِى وَلَا يُوَاتِينِى [app. Such a one will not make me to be, or become, remote, or aloof, from him, nor will he comply with me: but لَا يُوَادِينِى properly signifies he will not take from me the دِيَة, or bloodwit]. (TA.) And عَادِ رِجْلَكَ عَنِ الأَرْضِ Draw away thy leg, or foot, from the ground. (TA.) And عَادَى الأَدَاةَ عَنِ البَعِيرِ He raised [partially] the furniture (consisting of the saddle and saddle-cloth) from contact with the camel [so as to render it bearable by him]. (ISh, TA in art. غلق.) b3: عادى شَعَرَهُ He took [somewhat] from his hair: or he raised it, (K, TA,) in washing it: or he neglected it, and did not oil it, or anoint it: or he subjected it time after time to the purification termed وُضُوع, and to washing. (TA.) b4: عادى الوِسَادَةَ He folded the pillow. (TA.) b5: عادى القِدْرَ He lowered one of the three stones upon which the cooking-pot rested, in order that it (the pot) might incline upon the fire. (TA.) b6: عادى بَيْنَ الصَّيْدَينِ, (S, * K,) inf. n. عِدَآءٌ (S, K) and مُعَادَاةٌ, (K,) He made a succession, of one to the other, between the two animals of the chase, (S, K,) by throwing down one of them immediately after the other, (S,) in one طَلَق [or heat]. (S, K.) Imra-el-Keys says, [describing a horse,] فَعَادَى عِدَآءً بَيْنَ ثَوْرٍ وَنَعْجَةٍ

دِرَاكًا وَلَمْ يَنْضَحْ بِمَآءٍ فَيُغْسَلِ [And he made a succession, of one to the other, between a wild bull and a wild cow, by running down one after the other in a single heat, overtaking uninterruptedly, and not breaking out with water (i. e. sweat) so as to become suffused therewith]. (S. [See EM p. 49.]) In like manner also المُعَادَاةُ بَيْنَ رَجُلَيْنِ means The piercing, or thrusting, two men, one after the other, uninterruptedly. (TA.) b7: And عَادَيْتُهُ [sometimes] signifies I vied, or contended, with him in running; i. q. حَاضَرْتُهُ, from الحُضْرُ. (A in art. حضر.) 4 اعدى الأَمْرَ He passed from, or beyond, another, to the thing, or affair: so in the K. (TA.) But in the M it is said, اعداهُ الدَّآءُ signifies The disease passed from another to him. (TA.) And one says أَعْدَى فُلَانٌ فُلَانًا مِنْ خُلُقِهِ, or مِنْ عِلَّةٍ بِهِ, or جَرَبٍ, (S, TA,) i. e. Such a one made somewhat of his natural disposition, or of a disease, or malady, that was in him, or of mange, or scab, to pass [from him] to such a one; [or infected him therewith; (see two exs., in a verse and a hemistich, cited in the first paragraph of art. جنى;)] and اعداهُ بِهِ signifies the same: and اعدى صَاحِبَهُ He made his companion to acquire the like of what was in him. (TA.) And يُعْدِى is said of the mange, or scab, &c., meaning It passes from him that has it to another; (S, K;) and in like manner one says of a disease, ↓ يتعدّى: (Nh, TA:) but it is said in an explanation of a trad., لَا يُعْدِى شَىْءٌ شَيْئًا [i. e. A thing (meaning disease) does not pass by its own agency to a thing]. (S, TA.) [Therefore] one says, of the mange, or scab, [or the like,] اعداهُ اللّٰهُ God made it to pass from him that had it to one that was near to him, so that he became affected therewith. (Msb.) b2: One says also, of a man, قَدْ أَعْدَى النَّاسَ بِشَرٍّ He has made evil, or mischief, to cleave to men. (TA.) A2: See also 1, near the middle, in two places.

A3: اعداهُ عَلَيْهِ He aided, or assisted, him, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) and strengthened him, (K,) against him; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) and avenged him of him; (S, Msb;) namely, one who had wronged him. (S, Mgh, Msb.) and اعداهُ He (a judge) heard his accusation against another, and commanded to bring his adversary. (Mgh.) A4: اعداهُ, (S, Msb, K, TA,) namely, a horse, (S, TA,) and also a man, (TA,) [He made him to run, whether gently or moderately or vehemently: or, as sometimes used,] he made him, (K, TA,) or desired him, (S,) to go the pace termed حُضْر: (S, K, TA:) or he made him to go a pace nearly the same as that termed هَرْوَلَة, (Msb, TA,) not so quick, (TA,) or which is not so quick, (Msb,) as that termed جَرْى: (Msb, TA: [see 1, latter half:]) and ↓ استعداهُ signifies the same. (S.) 5 تَعَدَّوَ see 1, first quarter, in two places: and see 4. b2: [Hence تعدّى said of a verb, It was, or became, transitive.] b3: تعدّى الحَقَّ: and تعدّى

عَلَيْهِ: see 1, second quarter, in two places.

A2: تَعَدَّوْا They found milk, (K, TA,) which they drank, (TA,) and it rendered them in no need of wine: (K, TA:) so in the copies of the K; but correctly, of flesh-meat, as in the M. (TA.) b2: And They found pasturage for their cattle, and it rendered them in no need of purchasing fodder. (K, * TA.) A3: And تعدّى مَهْرَ فُلَانَةَ He took, or received, the dowry, or bridal gift, of such a woman. (K.) 6 تعادى الــقَوْمُ The people, or party, became affected, [or infected,] or smitten, (S, TA,) one with the disease of another, or one with the like of the disease of another: (S:) or died, one after another, (S, TA,) in one month, and in one year. (TA.) And تعادت الإِبِلُ The camels died in great numbers. (TA.) b2: And تعادى الــقَوْمُ عَلَىَّ بِنَصْرِهِمْ The people, or party, came upon me consecutively with their aid, or assistance. (TA.) b3: One says also, تعادى الــقَوْمُ (S, K) from العَدَاوَةُ (S) meaning The people, or party, treated, or regarded, one another with enmity, or hostility. (K.) b4: And تعادى مَا بَيْنَهُمْ (S, K) The case, or affair, that was between them became in a bad, or corrupt, state, (S,) or complicated, intricate, or confused, so as to be a subject of disagreement, or difference, between them. (K.) b5: And تعادى المَكَانُ The place was, or became, dissimilar in its several parts; and uneven. (TA.) and [hence] one says, بِعُنُقِى وَجَعٌ مِنْ تَعَادِى الوِسَادِ مِنَ المَكَانِ المُتَعَادِى i. e. [In my neck is a pain from the unevenness of the pillow from] the uneven place. (TA.) b6: And تعادى He, or it, was, or became, distant, remote, far off, or aloof, (S, * K, * TA,) عَنْهُ from him, or it. (S, TA.) A2: تعادوا They vied, competed, or contended for superiority, in going the pace termed العَدْو [meaning in running]. (K, TA.) 8 إِعْتَدَوَ see 1, second quarter, in three places. b2: الاِعْتِدَآءُ in supplication [to God] is The exceeding the limits of the [Prophet's] rule, or usage, that has been transmitted from generation to generation. (TA.) 10 الاِسْتِعْدَآءُ signifies The asking, or demanding, of aid, or assistance, (Mgh, Msb,) and of vengeance, or avengement, (Mgh,) and of strengthening: (Msb:) and also the act of aiding, or assisting. (Mgh.) You say, استعداهُ He asked, or demanded, of him (i. e. the prince, or governor, or commander, S, Mgh, Msb) aid, or assistance, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) عَلَيْهِ against him, (S, Mgh, Msb,) namely, one who wronged him: (Mgh, Msb:) [or,] accord. to El-Khuwárezmee (who derives it from العَدِىُّ signifying الرَّجَّالَةُ الَّذِينَ يَعْدُونَ), استعدى [or استعدى القَاضِىَ] means he asked, or demanded, of the judge, that he should make his foot-messengers to run in quest of his antagonist and to bring him, for the purpose of exacting from him his right, or due. (De Sacy's Chrest. Arabe, sec. ed., iii. 100. [and an explanation similar to this, but not a similar derivation, is indicated in the Mgh by an explanation of أَعْدَاهُ, q. v.]) b2: See also 4, last sentence.

عَدَا, as a verb, or a preposition, or both, denoting an exception: see 1, last sentence.

عَدْوٌ an inf. n. of 1 [q. v.] b2: فَعَلَ كَذَا عَدْوًا بَدْوًا means He did thus openly, or publicly. (TA.) عِدْوٌ: see عِدًى: b2: and see also عَدَآءٌ.

عَدًى [or عَدًا]: see عُدْوَةٌ, in two places: and عَادٍ, last sentence.

عُدًى: see the next paragraph.

A2: [It is also a pl. of عَدُوٌّ, q. v.]

عِدًى The stones of a grave; as also ↓ عُدًى: (KL:) [i. e.] the broad stones with which the [oblong excavation called] لَحْد is covered over: (AA, TA:) or a thin stone with which a thing is concealed, or covered over; as also ↓ عِدَآءٌ; (K, TA;) the latter written in [a copy of] the M ↓ عَدَاءٌ, like سَحَابٌ; but [the former explanation seems to be the more correct, for] it is added in the K that one thereof is termed ↓ عِدْوٌ; and accord. to this, the word expl. above [or each of the two words expl. above] is a pl. (TA. [See also عِدْوَةٌ.]) b2: And Any piece of wood that is put between two [other] pieces of wood. (K, * TA.) A2: See also عُدْوَةٌ, in two places: and عَادٍ, last sentence: b2: and عُدَوَآءُ: b3: and عَدَآءٌ.

A3: [It is also a pl. of عَدُوٌّ, which see in two places.

A4: ] And عِدَى is used as a prefixed n. for عِدَة as syn. with وَعْد. (Fr; S and L in art. وعد, q. v.) عَدْوَةٌ [inf. n. un. of عَدَا: pl. عَدَوَاتٌ. b2: Hence the saying, السُّلْطَانُ ذُو عَدَوَاتٍ وَذُو بَدَوَاتٍ, expl. voce بَدَآءٌ, in art. بدو. See another reading of this saying voce عَدَوَانٌ.] b3: [Hence also,] one says, لَهُ عَدْوَةٌ شَدِيدَةٌ He has a vehement run of the kind termed عَدْو, inf. n. of عَدَا. (Msb) b4: عَدْوَةُ الأَمَدِ means The extent of the eyesight. (TA.) And one says, هُوَ مِنِّى عَدْوَةَ القَوْسِ [app. meaning He, or it, is at the distance of a bowshot from me]. (TA.) A2: See also عُدْوَةٌ. b2: عَدَايَا is used in poetry as a pl. of عدوة [app. عَدْوَةٌ, but in what sense is not shown]. (TA.) عُدْوَةٌ and ↓ عِدْوَةٌ, (S, Msb, K,) the former of the dial. of Kureysh and the latter of the dial. of Keys, (Msb,) and ↓ عَدْوَةٌ, (K,) all mentioned by ISd, (TA,) The side of a valley; (S, Msb, K;) as also ↓ عِدًى; (K;) which last likewise signifies [absolutely] a side, or lateral part or portion; and so ↓ عَدًى; (K, TA; [see both voce عَادٍ, last sentence;]) thus in the M; (TA;) and the pl. is أَعْدَآءٌ; (K, TA;) or this last signifies [particularly] the sides of a valley, and so do ↓ عِدًى and ↓ عَدًى: (TA:) the pl. of عُدْوَةٌ and ↓ عِدْوَةٌ is عِدَآءٌ and [of عُدْوَةٌ] عُدَيَاتٌ also. (S.) b2: And عُدْوَةٌ signifies also An elevated place; and so ↓ عِدْوَةٌ: (AA, S, K:) pl. [as above, i. e. of both] عِدَآءٌ and [of the former] عُدَيَاتٌ [also]. (K. [In some copies of the K, the latter pl. is written عَدَيَاتٌ; in the CK عُدْياتٌ; but it is correctly عُدَيَاتٌ, as above, thus in my copies of the S; and perhaps عِدَيَاتٌ may also be a pl., i. e. of عِدْوَةٌ, being thus written accord. to the TA in copies of the S.]) b3: And A place far extending: (K, TA:) mentioned by ISd. (TA.) b4: See also عَدَآءٌ. b5: [Reiske, as stated by Freytag, has expl. عُدْوَةٌ as signifying “ Atrium, impluvium domus: ” but this the former has app. done from his having found عدوة erroneously written for عَذِرَة.]

A2: عُدْوَةٌ signifies also The kind of plants, or herbage, termed خُلَّة; i. e., in which is sweetness. (TA.) عِدْوَةٌ: see عُدْوَةٌ, in three places: b2: and see also عَدَآءٌ. b3: [Freytag states, as from the Deewán of the Hudhalees, that, accord. to some, it signifies A stone with which a grave, or a well, is covered: and that the pl. is ↓ عَدَآءٌ: this latter, if correct, is a quasi-pl. n.: but perhaps it is correctly عِدَآءٌ: see عِدًى, first sentence.]

A2: أُمُور عِدْوَة [app. أُمُورٌ عِدْوَةٌ, or perhaps أُمُورُ عِدْوَةٍ,] signifies Remote affairs. (TA.) عَدْوَى Mange, or scab, or other disease, that passes, or is transitive, from one to another; (S, K, TA;) a transitive disease; and such is said to be the جَرَب, and the بَرَص, and the رَمَد, and the حَصْبَة, and the جُذَام, and the وَبَآء, and the جُدَرِىّ. (Kull p. 259.) You say, لَا تُقَرِّبْهُ مِنْهُ فَإِنَّ بِهِ عَدْوَى Do not thou bring him near to him, for in him is a disease such as the mange, or scab, that is transitive from one to another. (TK.) b2: And The transition of the mange, or scab, or other disease, from him that has it to another: (S, K, TA, TK:) the subst. from يَعْدُو said of the mange, or scab, expl. above, as meaning “ it passes ” &c. (Msb. [See 1, first quarter.]) It is said in a trad., لَا عَدْوَى, i. e. لَا يُعْدِى شَىْءٌ شَيْئًا [A thing (meaning disease) does not pass by its own agency to a thing]; (S;) or [lit.] there is no transition of the mange, or scab, or other disease, from him that has it to another. (TK.) b3: And i. q. فَسَادٌ [i. e. Badness, corruptness, unsoundness, &c.]. (K, TA. [In the CK erroneously written in this sense عُدْوٰى; which, however, being an inf. n. of عَدَا in the phrase عَدَا عَلَيْهِ, q. v., may be correctly used as having the same, or nearly the same, meaning.]) So in the saying, ?? [In him, or it, is badness, &c.]. (TK.) A2: A(??) A demand that one makes upon a prefect, or governor, [or judge,] to aid, or assist, him against him who has wronged him, i. e. to inflict penal retribution on him, (IF, S, Msb,) for his wrongdoing to him. (IF, Msb.) b2: and Aid, or assistance, against a wrongdoer, (S, Mgh, TA,) required of a judge, for the bringing into his presence the antagonist: and also applied to a signet, or a [sealed] piece of clay, given by the judge as a token to denote the summoning of him whose presence is required. (Mgh.) عُدَوَآءُ (S, K) and ↓ عَادِيَةٌ and ↓ عَدَآءٌ (K) Distance, or remoteness, (S, K, TA,) as also ↓ عِدًى, (Ham p. 377,) [or particularly] of a house, or an abode, or a dwelling. (S, TA.) [Hence,] one says, طَالَتْ عُدَوَاؤُهُمْ Their distance, or remoteness, one from another, and their separation, was, or became, long. (TA.) b2: Also (i. e. the first and ↓ second and ↓ third words) Occupation, or business, that turns one away, or back, from a thing: (K, TA:) or عُدَوَآءُ signifies a custom, or habit, of occupation or business: (TA:) and عُدَوَآءُ الشُّغْلِ, the hindrances, or impediments, of occupation or business: (S, TA:) and one says, جِئْتَنِى وَأَنَا فِى عُدَوَآءَ عَنْكَ i. e. [Thou camest to me when I was engaged] in an occupation that diverted [me from thee]: (so in one of my copies of the S:) the pl. of ↓ عَادِيَةٌ is عَوَادٍ: (TA:) عَوَادِى الدَّهْرِ means the accidents, or casualties, of time or fortune, that divert [or intervene as obstacles] by occupying or busying: (S:) and you say, عَوَادِ ↓ عَدَتْ, [lit.] meaning Things, or events, turning away, or back, turned, or have turned, away, or back; [but this phrase, when followed by دُونَ or بَيْنَ, I would rather render, simply, obstacles occurred, or have occurred;] (S, TA;) thus in the latter of two verses cited voce حَبَّ. (S.) b3: عُدَوَآءُ الدَّهْرِ means The shifting, and varying, of time or fortune. (TA.) b4: and عُدَوَآءُ الشَّوْقِ What has severely affected, distressed, or afflicted, its sufferer, of the yearning, or longing, of the soul, or of longing desire. (TA.) b5: And عُدَوَآءُ signifies also A مَرْكَب [i. e. beast, or saddle, or thing on which one rides,] that is not easy: (K:) or, accord. to As, a place where he who sits thereon is not in a state of ease: and one says, جِئْتُ عَلَى مَرْكَبٍ ذِى عُدَوَآءَ i. e. [I came upon a beast, or saddle, &c.,] that was not easy: (S:) and جِئْتُكَ عَلَى فَرَسٍ ذِى عُدَوَآءَ, the last word imperfectly decl., i. e. [I came to thee upon a horse] that was not easy: (TA:) and جَلَسَ عَلَى عُدَوَآءَ He sat upon an uneven thing or place; (M, TA;) the last word imperfectly decl., as is said by ISd. (TA.) b6: Also Dry, hard, land; (K, TA;) sometimes occurring in a well when it is dug; and sometimes it is stone, from which the digger turns aside: and one says, أَرْضٌ ذَاتُ عُدَوَآءَ, meaning land that is not even, or plain; not easy to walk or ride or lie upon: or, as some say, it means a rough, rugged, place: or an elevated place upon which the camel lies down and then reclines thereon upon his side, having by his side a depressed place, which causes him to tend downwards, in consequence whereof he becomes in the state termed تَوَهُّنٌ, [weak, or languid, and unable to rise,] i. e. in the condition of extending his body towards the low place while his legs are upon the عُدَوَآء, which is the elevated, so that he is unable to rise, and dies. (TA.) A2: And [it is said that] العُدَوَآءُ also signifies اناخة قليلة [app. إِنَاخَةٌ قَلِيلَةٌ, meaning A little, or brief, making of a camel to lie down upon the breast, as is done on the occasions of mounting and dismounting &c.]. (TA.) عُدْوِىٌّ and عُدَوِىٌّ [are rel. ns. of which only the fem. forms are mentioned, in what here follows]. عُدْوِيَّةٌ and عُدَوِيَّةٌ are rel. ns. of عُدْوَةٌ as meaning “ the kind of plants, or herbage, termed خُلَّة,” the former reg. and the latter irreg.; and عَوَادٍ [pl. of ↓ عَادٍ or of عَادِيَةٌ] is a possessive epithet [from the same], without the relative ى: [all are app. applied to camels, as meaning Having for their pasture the plants, or herbage, called عُدْوَة, above mentioned: but it is immediately added,] and عُدْوِيَّةٌ and عُدَوِيَّةٌ applied to camels signify that pasture upon the [plants called] حَمْض: (TA:) and ↓ عَادِيَةٌ and [the pl.] عَوَادٍ, so applied, have this latter meaning accord. to the M and K: but accord. to the S, they are applied to camels as meaning abiding among the [trees called] عِضَاه, not quitting them, and not pasturing upon the حَمْض; and so is [the pl.] عَادِيَاتٌ. (TA in another portion of this art.) [See also عَاذِيَةٌ, in art. عذو.]

عِدَوِىٌّ, being a rel. n. of عِدَةٌ, see in art. وعد.

عَدَوِيَّةٌ The herbage of the صَيْف [q. v., here app. meaning spring], after the departure of the رَبِيع [q. v., here app. meaning winter]: (S, K:) it is applied to the young trees which then become green and are depastured by the camels: (S:) or, as some say, the [plants, or herbage, called] رَبْل [q. v.]. (TA.) b2: And The young ones of sheep or goats. (K.) b3: And Female infants [of the age] of forty days; (K, TA; [in the CK, نَبات is erroneously put for بَنَات;]) but when their [hair termed] عَقِيقَة has been cut off, this appel-lation is no longer applied to them: so says Lth; but Az pronounces him to have erred: (TA:) or it is with غ (K, TA) and ذ, both dotted, or only the former of them dotted, and one of them is called غَدِىٌّ [or غَدَوِىٌّ, or غَذِىٌّ or غَذَوِىٌّ]: thus in the M, and thus accord. to Az. (TA.) عُدْوَانٌ [expl. in the S as signifying Sheer or unmixed, wrongful or unjust or injurious or tyrannical conduct,] is an inf. n. of عَدَا in the phrase عَدَا عَلَيْهِ [q. v.]; (ISd, Msb, K;) as also عِدْوَانٌ. (ISd, K.) عَدَوَانٌ, applied to a wolf, (S, K,) means يَعْدُو عَلَى النَّاسِ [i. e. That acts aggressively against men]; (S, TA;) i. q. ↓ عَادٍ [app. in this sense], (K, TA,) which occurs in a trad. applied to a beast of prey, (TA,) an epithet applied to a beast of prey by the Prophet: (Mgh:) one says سَبُعٌ عَادٍ and سِبَاعٌ عَادِيَةٌ. (Msb.) [In the S, immediately after the words يَعْدُو عَلَى النَّاسِ, it is added, and hence their saying, السُّلْطَانُ ذُو عَدَوَانٍ وَذُو بَدَوَانٍ; and thus I find the saying cited as from the S in arts. عدو and بدو of the PS: but I think that عَدَوَانٍ and بَدَوَانٍ, here, are mistranscriptions for عَدَوَاتٍ and بَدَوَاتٍ, as I find them written in my copies of the S and TA in the arts. above mentioned: see عَدْوَةٌ, above; and see بَدَآءٌ in art. بدو, where it seems to be clearly shown that بَدَوَاتٍ is correct, as pl. of بَدَاةٌ.] b2: Also, (S, K, and Ham p. 81,) and ↓ عَدَّآءٌ, (Mgh, Msb, K, and Ham ubi suprà,) That runs vehemently, or much; (S, Mgh, Msb, K; *) i. q. شَدِيدُ العَدْوِ, (S, TA,) or كَثِيرُ العَدْوِ; (Ham;) applied to a horse: (Mgh, and Ham:) [and to a man:] الشَّدِيدَةُ, in the K, is a mistake for الشَّدِيدُهُ, meaning الشَّدِيدُ العَدْوِ. (TA.) عَدَآءٌ an inf. n. of عَدَا in the phrase عَدَا عَلَيْهِ [q. v.]. (S, Mgh, Msb, K.) b2: And, as also ↓ عِدَآءٌ, A single طَلَق [or heat; i. e., a single run, at once, to a goal, or limit]; (K, TA;) of a horse. (TA.) A2: And عَدَآءُ كُلِّ شَىْءٍ, (S, K,) as also ↓ عِدَاهُ, (K, TA,) [the latter written in the CK عِداؤُهُ, but] the former is with the lengthened ا and the latter with the shortened ا, (TA,) and ↓ عِدْوُهُ and ↓ عِدْوَتُهُ and ↓ عُدْوَتُهُ, (K,) signify طَوَارُهُ, (S, K,) i. e. [The equal, of anything, in breadth and length; or] what is coextensive with anything in its breadth and its length. (S, TA.) One says, لَزِمْتُ عَدَآءَ الطَّرِيقِ, or النَّهْرِ, or الجَبَلِ, meaning طَوَارَهُ [i. e. I kept to the tract coextensive in its breadth and its length with the road, or the river, or the mountain]. (TA.) A3: See also عُدَوَآءُ, first and third sentences.

A4: And see عِدًى, and عِدْوَةٌ.

عِدَآءٌ: see the next preceding paragraph: A2: and see also عِدًى.

عَدُوٌّ And enemy, contr. of وَلِىٌّ, (S,) or of صَدِيقٌ, (K,) or of صَدِيقٌ مُوَالٍ; (Msb;) an epithet, but resembling a subst.: (S:) [and (like our word “ enemy ” in military parlance) a hostile party: for] it is used alike as sing. and pl. and masc. and fem.; (Msb, K;) as is said in the “ Muk-tasar el-' Eyn: ” (Msb:) but sometimes it is dualized and pluralized and feminized: (K:) the pl. is أَعْدَآءٌ; (S, Msb, K;) and the pl. of أَعْدَآءٌ is أَعَادٍ; (Msb, K; *) and عِدًى and عُدًى are also pls. of عَدُوٌّ; (S, Msb, K; [each improperly termed in the K اِسْمُ جَمْعٍ; for فِعَلٌ and فُعَلٌ are measures of pls., not of quasi-pl. ns.;]) the former said by ISk to be the only pl. of this measure among epithets; (S, Msb; *) and عُدَاةٌ, with damm and with ة, is another pl.; (Th, S, Msb;) and is pl. of ↓ عَادٍ, (K, TA,) which is syn. with عَدُوٌّ; (S, K, TA;) as in the saying of a woman of the Arabs, أَشْمَتَ رَبُّ العَالَمِينَ عَادِيَكَ [May the Lord of the beings of the universe make thy enemy to rejoice at thy affliction]: (S, TA:) the fem. form of عَدُوٌّ is عَدُوَّةٌ, (S, Msb,) which is said by Az to be used when the meaning of an epithet is intended: (Msb:) it is said by ISk, (S, TA,) and in the “ Bari',” (Msb,) that there is no instance of the measure فَعُولٌ in the sense of فَاعِلٌ but its fem. is without ة, except عَدُوَّةٌ, (S, Msb, K,) in the phrase هٰذِهِ عَدُوَّةٌ اللّٰهِ [This woman is the enemy of God]: accord. to Fr, عَدُوَّةٌ has the affix ة to assimilate it to صَدِيقَةٌ; for a word is sometimes formed to accord with its contr.: (S, TA:) Az says that he heard certain of the tribe of 'Okeyl say, [of some women,] هُنَّ وَلِيَّاتُ اللّٰهِ and عَدُوَّاتُ اللّٰهِ and أًوْلِيَاؤُهُ and أَعْدَاؤُهُ [i. e. They are the friends of God and the enemies of God]. (Msb.) [The pl.] عِدًى signifies also Persons distant, or remote, one from another: (ISd, K, TA:) and (K) strangers, or foreigners: (ISk, S, K, TA:) and such as are distant, or remote, in respect of relationship; or not relations: (TA:) as well as enemies: (M, TA:) كَالأَعْدَآءِ, which is added in the K after وَالغُرَبَآءُ, should be وَالأَعْدَآءُ. (TA.) عَدِىٌّ is a pl. [or rather a quasi-pl. n.] of عَادٍ, q. v. (S, TA.) عَدَاوَةٌ Enmity, or hostility; (S, K, TA;) like مُعَادَاةٌ [inf. n. of 3, q. v.]. (TA.) عَدَّآءٌ: see عَدَوَانٌ, last sentence.

عَادٍ [act. part. n. of عَدَا, q. v. b2: As such particularly signifying] Acting wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or tyrannically; transgressing, or exceeding the proper limit: (Msb, TA:) pl. عَادُونَ. (Msb.) Hence the saying, لَا أَشْمَتَ اللّٰهُ بِكَ عَادِيَكَ i. e. [May God not make to rejoice at thy affliction] him who acts wrongfully to thee. (TA.) [And hence the phrase لِصٌّ عَادِى ظَهْرٍ, expl. in art. ظهر.] See also عَدَوَانٌ. And see عَدُوٌّ, with which it is syn. b3: Also Seizing, or carrying off, by force; or snatching at unawares. (TA.) and العَادِى signifies [particularly] The lion; (K, TA;) because of his injuriousness, and his seizing men and making them his prey. (TA.) b4: ↓ عَدِىٌّ is a pl. of عَادٍ, [or rather a quasi-pl. n.,] like as غَزِىٌّ is of غَازٍ; as such signifying Runners upon their feet: (S, TA:) or a company of men, (K, TA,) in the dial. of Hudheyl, (TA,) that run to the fight (K, TA) and the like: (TA:) or the first, of the footmen, [or foot-soldiers,] that charge, or assault; (K, TA;) because they run quickly: (TA:) like عَادِيَةٌ, (K, TA,) of which the pl. is عَوَادٍ, (TA,) in both senses: or this signifies the horsemen; (K, TA;) i. e. the first, of the horsemen, that charge, or assault, in a hostile, or predatory, incursion, especially; (TA;) or horses making a hostile, or predatory, incursion; and hence [the pl.] العَادِيَات in the Kur c. 1. (TA in the supplement to this art.) And accord. to ElKhuwárezmee, عَدِىٌّ particularly signifies The foot-messengers of the sovereign, and of the judge, who are made to run in quest of one against whom an accusation has been made, and to bring him, for the purpose of exacting from him the right, or due, of his accuser. (De Sacy's Chrest. Arabe, sec. ed., iii. 100.) A2: عَادِى العَوَادِى, a phrase used by a poet, is expl. by IAar as meaning The hardest, or most pressing, or most severe, of occupations that turn one away, or back, from a thing. (TA.) A3: See also عَادٍ and its fem. عَادِيَةٌ voce عُدْوِىٌّ.

A4: عَادِيَا اللَّوْحِ signifies طَرَفَاهُ [The two extremities, or two sides, of the tablet or the like]; (K, TA;) each of them being called عادى [i. e.

عَادِى اللَّوْحِ, or a mistranscription for عَادٍ], like عِدى [i. e. ↓ عِدًى or ↓ عَدًى, both mentioned above, voce عُدْوَةٌ, as meaning, absolutely, a side, or lateral part or portion]. (TA.) عَادِيَةٌ [fem. of.عَادٍ, q. v.

A2: As a subst., it signifies] Wrongdoing, injustice, injuriousness, or tyranny; and evil, or mischief; (S, TA;) as in the saying دَفَعْتُ عَنْكَ عَادِيَةَ فُلَانٍ [I repelled, or have repelled, from thee the wrongdoing &c., and the evil, or mischief, of such a one]: (S:) it is an inf. n. [or rather a quasi-inf. n.] like عَاقِبَةٌ: and signifies also sharpness, or hastiness, of temper; and anger. (TA.) Also The harm, or hurt, of poison. (Har p. 304.) A3: See also عُدَوَآءُ, in three places.

A4: عَوَادِى الكَرْمِ, (K, TA,) of which عَادِيَةٌ is the sing., (TA,) signifies The grape-vines that are planted at the feet, or roots, of great trees. (K, TA.) أَعْدَى [a noun denoting the comparative and superlative degrees, and having several different significations]. أَعْدَى مِنَ الجَرَبِ More transitive, or wont to pass from one to another, than the mange, or scab, is a prov. (Meyd.) and أَعْدَى مِنَ الثُّؤَبَآءِ is another prov., having a similar meaning [i. e. More wont to pass from one to another, or, as we commonly say, more catching, than yawning]; (Meyd;) for when a man yawns in the presence of others, they become affected as he is. (TA in art. ثأب.) b2: أَعْدَى مِنَ الذِّئْبِ is also a prov., and may mean More wrongful, or more inimical, or more vehement in running, than the wolf. (Meyd.) أَعْدَى مِنْ سُلَيْكٍ, another prov., (expl. in the latter half of the first paragraph,) is from العَدْوُ. (Meyd.) b3: هُوَ أَعْدَى شَىْءٍ [app. meaning It is the most effectual thing to aid, or assist, or to avenge; أَعْدَى in this case being irregularly formed from the augmented verb in the phrase أَعْدَاهُ عَلَيْهِ]. (TA in art. ادو: see آدَى in that art.) تَعَادٍ Uneven places, (K, TA,) dissimilar in their several parts: occurring in this sense in a trad. (TA.) As mentions the saying نِمْتُ عَلَى

↓ مَكَانٍ مُتَعَادٍ, meaning [I slept upon] a place dissimilar in its several parts; uneven: and هٰذِهِ

↓ أَرْضٌ مُتَعَادِيَةٌ This is land having in it burrows, and [trenches, or channels, such as are termed]

لَخَاقِيق. (S, TA.) مَا لِى عَنْ فُلَانٍ مَعْدًى means There is not for me any going beyond such a one to another, nor any stopping short of him. (S.) مَعْدُوٌّ: see what next follows.

فُلَانٌ مَعْدِىٌّ عَلَيْهِ and ↓ مَعْدُوٌّ (S, K *) mean [Such a one is] treated wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or tyrannically: (K:) the ى in مَعْدِىٌّ is substituted for و because the latter [in this case] is deemed difficult of utterance. (S.) مُتَعَادٍ; and its fem., with ة: see تَعَادٍ.

وَفد
: (} وَفَدَ إِليه وعَلَيْهِ {يَفِدُ} وَفْداً) ، بِفَتْح فَسُكُون، ( {ووُفُوداً) ، بالضَّمّ، (} ووِفَادَةً) ، بِالْكَسْرِ، ( {وإِفَادَةً) ، على البَدَلِ (: قَدِمَ) ، فَهُوَ} وافِدٌ، قَالَ سِيبويهِ: وسمعناهم يُنْشِدُونَ بَيت ابنِ مُقْبِلٍ.
إِلاَّ {الإِفَادَةَ فَاسْتَوْلَتْ ورَكائِبُنَا
عِنْدَ الجَبَابِيرِ بِالْبَاسَاءِ والنِّعَمِ
كَذَا نَصّ المُحْكَمِ، وَقَالَ الأَصْمَعِيُّ: وَفَدَ فُلاَنٌ} يَفِدُ {وِفَادَةً، إِذَا خَرَج إِلى مَلِكٍ أَو أَميرٍ. (و) فِي الصّحاح والأَساس:} وَفَدَ فُلانٌ علَى الأَمِيرِ، أَي (وَرَدَ) رَسُولاً، فَهُوَ {وَافِدٌ، وهاكذا أَورَدَه المُصَنِّففي البصائر، (} وأَوْفَدَه علَيْه) ، وَهِي بَقِيَّةُ عِبَارَةِ المُحْكَم، ومثلُه فِي الأَساس، (و) {أَوْفَدَه (إِلَيْه) . من عبارَة الجوهَرِيِّ، ونَصُّها:} وأَوْفَدْتُه أَنا إِلى الأَمِيرِ: أَرْسَلْتُه، واقْتَصَرَ على هاذِه المُصَنِّفُ فِي البَصَائِر، وأَوْرَدَه ابنُ سِيدَه أَيضاً بَعْدَ سِياقِ الكلامِ، (فَهُمْ {وُفُودٌ) ، بالضمِّ، جَمْعُ} وَافِدٍ، ( {ووَفْدٌ) ، هُوَ اسمٌ للجَمْعِ، وَقيل جمْع} وافِدٍ، كصَحْبٍ وصَاْبٍ، ( {وأَوْفَادٌ) ، قَالَ شيخُنَا: تَسَامَحُوا فِيهِ لأَنه مُعْتَلُّ الأَوَّلِ، (} ووُفَّدٌ) ، كرُكَّع، وَزَاد الزَّمخشريُّ فَقَالَ: {ووُفَّادٌ.
(و) من المَجاز (} الوَافِدُ) هُوَ (: السابقُ من الإِبلِ) ، وَعَلِيهِ اقتصرَ فِي اللسانِ، وَزَاد غيرُه: (والقَطَا) ، وَفِي الأَساس: الطَّيْرِ، قَالَ: وَهُوَ الَّذِي يتقَدَّم (سائِرَها) فِي السَّيْرِ والوُرُودِ.
(و) من المَجازِ: {الوافِد: هُوَ (المُرْتَفِع) الناشِزُ (مِن الحدِّ عِنْد المَضْغِ) . وَفِي البصائر:} والوافِدَان فِي قَوْلِ الأَعْشَى:
رَأَتْ رَجُلاً غَائِبَ {الوَافِدَيْنِ
مُخْتَلِفَ الخَلْقِ أَعْشَى ضَرِيرَا
هُمَا النَّاشِزَانِ مِن الخَدَّيْنِ عِنْد المَضْغِ، (و) من ذالك قَوْلهم: (مَنْ شَابَ غَاب} وافِدَاهُ) .
( {ووافِدٌ: حَيٌّ) من العَرَب.
(} والإِيفادُ الإِشرَافُ) على الشيْءِ، وأَنشد فِي البصائر لِحُمَيْدِ بن ثَوحرٍ الهلاليِّ رَضِي الله عَنهُ:
تَرَى العِلاَفِيَّ عَلَيْهَا {مُوفِدَا
كَأَنَّ بُرْجاً فَوْقَهَا مَشَيَّدَا
أَي مُشْرفاً، وَيُقَال للفرسِ: مَا أَحْسَنَ مَا أَوْفَدَ حَارِكُه، أَي أَشْرَفَ، وَهُوَ مَجاز، (} كالتَّوفُّدِ. و) {الإِيفادُ أَيضاً (: الإِرْسالُ) ، وَقد} أَوْفَده عَلَيْهِ وإِليه، كَمَا تقدَّم، ( {كالتَّوْفِيدِ) ، يُقَال: وفَّدُه الأَمِيرُ إِلى الأَمِيرِ الَّذِي فَوْقَه، إِذا أَرْسَلَه.
(و) } الإِيفاد (: رَفْعُ الرِّيمِ رَأْسَه ونَصْبُه أُذُنَيْهِ) ، قَالَ تَمِيمُ بن مُقْبِل:
تَرَاءَتْ لَنَا يَوْمَ السِّيَارِ بِفَاحِمٍ
وسُنَّةِ رِيمٍ خَافَ سَمْعاً {فَأَوْفَدَا
(و) } الإِيفاد (: الأَسراعُ) ، وَهُوَ فِي شعر ابنِ أَحْمَر (و) من الْمجَاز: الإِيفاد (: الارْتِفَاعُ) ، يُقَال:! أَوْفَدَ الشيءُ، إِذا ارتَفَعَ، كَمَا فِي الأَساس، وَفِي اللِّسَان أَوْفَدَ الشيءَ: رَفَعَه، وأَوْفَدَ هُوَ: ارْتَفع. ( {والوَفْدُ: ذِرْوَةَ الحَبْلِ) بالحاءِ الْمُهْملَة وسْمون الموحَّدة (من الرَّمْلِ المُشْرِفِ) ، هاكذا فِي نُسْختنا، وَمثله فِي اللِّسَان، وَفِي بعض النُّسخ: ذِرْوَةَ الجَبَلِ، وَمن الرَّمْل: المُشْرِف.
(و) من الْمجَاز (} المُسْتَوْفِدُ: المُسْتَوْفِزَ) ، يُقَال: فُلانٌ {مُسْتَوْفدٌ فِي قِعْدَته، أَي مُنْتَصِبٌ غيرُ مُطْمَئِنَ، كمُسْتَوْفزِ، وَفِي الأَسَاس:} اسْتَوْفَد فِي قِعْدَتِه: ارْتَفَع وانْتَصَبَ، ورأَيْتُه {مُسْتَوْفِداً.
(وبَنُو وَفْدَانَ) ، بالفَتْح (: حَيٌّ) من الْعَرَب، أَنشد ابنُ الأَعْرَابِي:
إِنَّ بَنِي وَفْدَانَ قَوْمٌ شُكُّ
مِثْلُ النَّعَامِ والنَّعَامُ ضُكُّ
(} والأَوْفَاد: قومٌ) .
(و) يُقَال (هُمْ على {أَوْفَادٍ) ، أَي (على سَفَرٍ) قد أَشْخَصَنَا، أَي أَقْلَقَنا، كأَوْفَازٍ.
وَمِمَّا يسْتَدرك عَلَيْهِ:
هُوَ كثير الوِفَاءِ على المُلُوك. وَمَا أَوْفَدَكَ عَلَيْنَا،} - واسْتَوْفَدَني، وتَوَافَدْنَا عَلَيْهِ.
وَمن المَجاز: الحَاجُّ وَفْدُ الله. وَبَيْنَا أَنا فِي ضِيقٍ إِذْ أَوْفَد الله عَلَيَّ بِرَجُلٍ فأَخْرَجَني مِنْهُ. بمعنَى جاءَني بِهِ.
وَرَكَبُ {مُوفِد: مُرْتَفِع، وَكَذَا سَنَامٌ مُوفِدٌ.
} وتَوَفَّدت الإِبلُ والطَّيْرُ: تَسابَقَت، كَذَا فِي اللسانِ، وعِبَارة الأَساس: {تَوَفَّدَت الأَوْعَالُ فوقَ الجَبَلِ: أَشْرَفَت. وَفِي التكملة: تَشَوَّفَتْ. وكلّ ذالك مَجَازٌ.
} والأَوْفَاد: قَوْمٌ مِن العَربِ، أَنْشَد ابنُ الأَعْرَابيّ:
فَلَوْ كُنْتُمْ مِنَّا أَخَذْتُمْ بِأَخْذِنَا
ولاكِنَّمَا! الأَوْفَادُ أَسْفَلَ سَافِلِ {وَوَافِدُ بنُ سَلاَمَةَ، رَوَى حَدِيثَه ضَمْرَةُ بن رَبِيعةَ.
ووافِدُ بنُ مُوسَى الذَّارِع، يُقَال فِيهِ بِالْقَافِ أَيضاف.
وأَبُو وَافِدٍ، روى عَنهُ عبدُ الجبَّار بن نافِعٍ الضَّبِّيّ، ومحمّد بن يُوسُف بن وافِد، وأَبو بكر يحيى بن عبد الرحمان بن وافِدٍ اللَّخْمِيّ قَاضِي قُرْطَبَةَ، وأَبو المَرَجَّا سالِمُ بن ثِمَالِ بن عَفَّانَ بن وافِدٍ، كَذَا فِي التبصير لِلْحَافِظِ.
تَكْمِيل:
قد تَكَرَّر لَفْظُ الوَفْدِ فِي الحديثِ، وهم الــقَوْمُ يَجْتَمِعُون فَيَرِدُون البلادَ، واحدُهُم وافدٌ، وكاذلك يَقْصِدُونَ الأُمراءَ لِزيارَةٍ واسْتِرْفادٍ وانْتِجاعٍ وايرِ ذالك، وَفِي الحَدِيث (وَفْدُ الله ثَلاَثَةٌ) وَفِي حَدِيث الشَّهِيد ((فإِذا قُتلَ) فَهُوَ وافِدٌ لِسَبْعِينَ يَشْعِدُ لَهُم. وَقَوله: (أَجِيزُوا الوَفْدَ بِنَحْوِ مَا كُنْتُ أُجِيزُهم) . وَقَالَ النَّوَوِيُّ: الوَفْدُ: جَمَاعَةٌ مُخْتَارَةٌ للتقَدُّم فِي لِقَاءِ العُظماءِ. وَقَالَ الزّجَّاج فِي تَفْسِير قَوْله تَعَالَى: {يَوْمَ نَحْشُرُ الْمُتَّقِينَ إِلَى الرَّحْمَانِ وَفْداً} (سُورَة مَرْيَم، الْآيَة: 85) قيل الوَفْدُ: الرُّكْبَانُ المُكَرَّمُونَ. وَفِي تَفْسِير ابنِ كَثِير، وَمِنْه أَخَذَ أَحَدُ الجَلالَيْنِ، أَنَّ الوَفْدَ القَادِمُونَ رُكْبَاناً. وَفِي العِنَايَةِ للخَفَاجِيّ أَنَّ أَصْلَ الوُفودِ القُدُومُ على العظماءِ للعَطَايَا والاسْتِرْفَادِ. وَفِي شرْحهِ للشفاءِ أَثْنَاءَ إِعجازِ القرآنِ: أَصْلُ مَعْنَى الوَفْدِ الإِشْرَافُ. هاذه أَقوالهم، وظاهرُ كلامِ المُصَنّف كغيرِه من الأَئمَّةِ أَن} الوَفْد! والوُفُودَ هم الــقَوْمُ القادِمُون مُطلَقاً، مُشاةً أَو رُكْبَاناً، مُخْتَارِين للقاءِ العُظَماءِ أَوْلاَ، كَمَا هُوَ ظاهِرٌ، وَيُمكن أَن يُقَال إِن كلامَ النَّوَوِيّ وغيرِه استعمالٌ عُرْفِيٌّ، وكلامَ المُصَنِّف وغيرِه استعمالٌ لُغَويّ، وَالله أَعلم.